[Footnote 255: Proem, v.] [Footnote 256: See Fronto,'De Bello Parthico', I. 217. The latest known inscription relating to this Legion is of A.D. 109 [C.I.L. vii. 241].] [Footnote 257: Spartianus (A.D. 300), 'Hist. Rom.'] [Footnote 258: About a fifth of the known legionary inscriptions of Britain have been found in Scotland.] [Footnote 259: See p. 233.] [Footnote 260: At the Battle of the Standard, 1138.] [Footnote 261: That Hadrian and not Severus (by whose name it is often called) was the builder of the Wall as well as of the adjoining fortresses is proved by his inscriptions being found not only in them, but in the "mile-castles" [see C.I.L. vii. 660-663]. Out of the 14 known British inscriptions of this Emperor, 8 are on the Wall; out of the 57 of Severus, 3 only.] [Footnote 262: Hadrian divided the Province of Britain [see p. 142] into "Upper" and "Lower"; but by what boundary is wholly conjectural. All we know is that Dion Cassius [Xiph. lv.] places Chester and Caerleon in the former and York in the latter. The boundary _may_ thus have been the line from Mersey to Humber; "Upper" meaning "nearer to Rome."] [Footnote 263: Neilson, 'Per Lineam Valli,' p.I.] [Footnote 264: See further pp. 203-212.] [Footnote 265: The figure has been supposed to represent Rome seated on Britain. But the shield is not the oblong buckler of the Romans, but a round barbaric target.] [Footnote 266: So Tacitus speaks of "_Submotis velut in aliam insulam hostibus_" by Agricola's rampart. And Pliny says, "_Alpes Gcrmaniam ab Italia submovent_."] [Footnote 267: Corpus Inscript. Lat, vii. 1125.] [Footnote 268: Dio Cassius, lxxii. 8.] [Footnote 269: Aelius Lampridius, 'De Commodo,' c. 8.] [Footnote 270: Inscriptions in the Newcastle Museum show that bargemen from the Tigris were quartered on the Tyne.] [Footnote 271: Dio Cassius, lxxii. 9.] [Footnote 272: Julius Capitolinus, 'Pertinax,' c. 3.] [Footnote 273: Orosius, 'Hist' 17.] [Footnote 274: Herodian, 'Hist.' iii. 20.] [Footnote 275: Lucius Septimus Severus.] [Footnote 276: Herodian, 'Hist. III.' 46. He is a contemporary authority.] [Footnote 277: Also called Bassianus. His throne name was Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius.] [Footnote 278: Publius Septimus Geta Antoninus Pius.] [Footnote 279: Aelius Spartianus, 'Severus,' c. 23.] [Footnote 280: Dion Cassius, lxxvi. 12.] [Footnote 281: Severus gave as a _mot d'ordre_ to his soldiers the "No quarter" proclamation of Agamemnon. ('Iliad,' vi. 57): [Greek: _ton mêtis hupekphugoi aipun olethron_].] [Footnote 282: Dion Cassius, lxxvi. 12.] [Footnote 283: See p. 195.] [Footnote 284: Aurelius Victor (20) makes him (as Mommsen and others think) restore _Antonine's_ rampart: "_vallum per_ xxxii. _passuum millia a mari ad mare_." But more probably xxxii. is a misreading for lxxii.]