[Footnote 32: Ascham praises most the practice of double translation, from Latin into English, and then back from English into Latin.--_Scholemaster_, p. 90, 178, ed. Giles.] [Footnote 33: Mr Wm. Chappell gives me the reference, and part of the extract.] [Footnote 34: When did _breakfast_ get its name, and its first notice as a regular meal? I do not remember having seen the name in the early part of _Household Ordinances_, or any other work earlier than the _Northumberland Household Book_.] [Footnote 35: On Musical Education, see the early pages of Mr Chappell’s _Popular Music_, and the note in Archæol., vol. xx, p. 60-1, with its references. ‘Music constituted a part of the _quadrivium_, a branch of their system of education.’] [[Footnote 35a: “The first William de Valence married Joan de Monchensi, sister-in-law to one Dionysia, and aunt to another.” _The Chronicle_, Sept. 21, 1867.]] [Footnote 36: Le treytyz ke moun sire Gauter de Bibelesworthe fist à MA DAME DYONISIE DE MOUNCHENSY, pur aprise de langwage.] [Footnote 37: Later on, the proportions of poor and rich changed, as may be inferred from the extract from Harrison below. In the ‘exact account of the whole number (2920) of Scholars and Students in the University of Oxford taken anno 1612 in the Long Vacation, the _Studentes_ of Christ Church are 100, the _Pauperes Scholares et alii Servientes_ 41; at Magdalene the latter are 76; at New College 18, to 70 _Socii_; at Brasenose (Æneasense Coll.) the _Communarii_ are 145, and the _Pauperes Scholares_ 17; at Exeter, the latter are 37, to 134 _Communarii_; at St John’s, 20 to 43; at Lincoln the _Communarii_ are 60, to 27 _Batellatores et Pauperes Scholares_.’ Collectanea Curiosa, v. i. p. 196-203.] [Footnote 38: Was this in return for the raised rents that Ascham so bitterly complains of the new possessors of the monastic lands screwing out of their tenants, and thereby ruining the yeomen? He says to the Duke of Somerset on Nov. 21, 1547 (ed. Giles, i. p. 140-1), Qui auctores sunt tantæ miseriæ?... Sunt illi qui hodie passim, in Anglia, prædia monasteriorum gravissimis annuis reditibus auxerunt. Hinc omnium rerum exauctum pretium; hi homines expilant totam rempublicam. Villici et coloni universi laborant, parcunt, corradunt, ut istis satisfaciant.... Hinc tot familiæ dissipatæ, tot domus collapsæ.... Hinc, quod omnium miserrimum est, nobile illud decus et robur Angliæ, nomen, inquam, _Yomanorum Anglorum_, fractum et collisum est ... NAM VITA, QUÆ NUNC VIVITUR A PLURIMIS, NON VITA, SED MISERIA EST. When will these words cease to be true of our land? They should be burnt into all our hearts.]