19. Trace on the map, page 156, the Appian and Flaminian ways, noting some of the cities along the routes and the terminal points of each road. 20. Explain: "all roads lead to Rome." 21. Contrast the legion and the phalanx as to arrangement, armament, and method of fighting. 22. "Rome seems greater than her greatest men." Comment on this statement. FOOTNOTES [1] Webster, _Readings in Ancient History_, chapter xiv, "Legends of Early Rome." [2] See page 67. [3] See page 28. [4] See pages 53, 61. [5] Naples, the ancient Neapolis, was a colony of Cumae. See page 89. [6] See the map facing page 50. [7] The Romans believed that their city was founded in 753 B.C., from which year all Roman dates were reckoned. [8] See the map, page 293. [9] See page 146. [10] Cato, _De agricultura_, I. [11] See page 6. [12] See the illustration, page 7. [13] Since a door (_janua_) had two sides, Janus, the door god, was represented with the curious double face which appears on Roman coins (See the plate facing page 134) The month of January in the Julian calendar was named for him. [14] Latin _auspicium_, from _auspex_, a bird seer. [15] The title of the president of the pontiffs, _Pontifex Maximus_ (Supreme Pontiff), is still that of the pope. See page 364. [16] See page 81. [17] See page 143. [18] See page 83. [19] From the Latin _patres_, "fathers." [20] Latin _plebs_, "the crowd." [21] See page 85. [22] See page 105. [23] The four letters inscribed on Roman military standards indicate the important place held by the Senate. They are _S. P. Q. R._, standing for _Senatus Populusque Romanus_, "The Senate and the People of Rome." [24] See page 129. [25] See page 118. [26] See page 89. [27] Plutarch, _Pyrrhus_, 21. [28] It should be noticed, however, that as yet Rome controlled only the central and southern parts of what is the modern kingdom of Italy. Two large divisions of that kingdom, which every Italian now regards as essential to its unity, were in other hands--the Po valley and the island of Sicily. [29] See page 106. [30] Latin colonists did not have the right of voting in the assemblies at Rome. This privilege was enjoyed, however, by members of the "Roman" colonies, which were planted mainly along the coast. See the map, page 156. [31] See page 40. [32] See page 116. CHAPTER VIII THE GREAT AGE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC, 264-31 B.C. [1] 56. THE RIVALS: ROME AND CARTHAGE, 264-218 B.C. THE PUNIC WARS