17. Why should Rome have made a greater success of her imperial policy than either Athens or Sparta? 18. Compare Roman liberality in extending the franchise with the similar policy displayed by the United States. 19. Compare the freedom of trade between the provinces of the Roman Empire with that between the states of the American Union. 20. On the map, page 48, trace the trade routes during imperial times. 21. Compare as civilizing forces the Roman and the Persian empires. 22. What was the _Pax Romana_? What is the _Pax Britannica_? 23. Compare the Romanization of the ancient world with that process of Americanization which is going on in the United States to-day. 24. Explain this statement: "The Roman Empire is the lake in which all the streams of ancient history lose themselves and which all the streams of modern history flow out of." 25. "Republican Rome had little to do, either by precept or example, with the modern life of Europe, Imperial Rome everything." Can you justify this statement? FOOTNOTES [1] Webster, _Readings in Ancient History_, chapter xix, "The Makers of Imperial Rome: Character Sketches by Suetonius"; chapter xx, "Nero, a Roman Emperor." [2] Hence our word "prince". [3] See page 184. [4] The provinces of Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia. See the map facing page 184. [5] See page 187. [6] For a description of ancient Rome see pages 292-296. [7] Jesus was born probably in 4 B.C., the last year of the reign of Herod, whom the triumvirs, Antony and Octavian, had placed on the throne of Judea in 37 B.C. [8] A Roman emperor was generally called "Caesar" by the provincials. See, for example, _Matthew_, xxii, 17-21, or _Acts_, xxv, 10-12. This title survives in the German _Kaiser_ and perhaps in the Russian _Tsar_ or _Czar_. [9] In 131 A.D., during the reign of the emperor Hadrian, the Jews once more broke out in revolt. Jerusalem, which had risen from its ruins, was again destroyed by the Romans, and the plow was passed over the foundations of the Temple. From Roman times to the present the Jews have been a people without a country. [10] See Bulwer-Lytton's novel, _The Last Days of Pompeii_. [11] See the map on page 205 for the system of Roman roads in Britain. [12] See page 200. [13] Pliny, _Natural History_, xxvii, 1. [14] See page 179. [15] See page 187. [16] See _Acts_, XXV, 9-12. [17] See page 151. [18] _Institutes_, bk. i, tit. i. [19] See page 331. [20] See page 127. [21] Several English cities, such as Lancaster, Leicester, Manchester, and Chester, betray in their names their origin in the Roman castra, or camp. [22] See page 149. [23] For illustrations of Roman coins see the plate facing page 134. [24] See the map on page 48. [25] See page 107. [26] Latin _collegia_, whence our "college." [27] See pages 263 and 285. [28] See page 183. [29] See page 267. [30] Seneca, _Minor Dialogues_, XI, 7. CHAPTER X THE LATER EMPIRE: CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN WORLD, 180-395 A.D.