These ruined monuments, these empty foundations and lonely pillars, afford little idea of all the wealth of architecture that once adorned this spot. Here stood the circular shrine of Vesta, [62] guarding the altar and its ever-blazing fire. Here was the temple of Concord, famous in Roman history. [63] The Senate-house was here, and just before it, the Rostra, a platform adorned with the beaks (_rostra_) of captured ships. From this place Roman orators addressed their assembled fellow-citizens. THE GRANDEUR OF ROME How splendid a scene must have greeted an observer in ancient times who, from the height of the Capitol, gazed at the city before him. The Forum was then one radiant avenue of temples, triumphal arches, columns, and shrines. And beyond the Forum stretched a magnificent array of theaters and amphitheaters, enormous baths, colossal sepulchers, and statues in stone and bronze. So prodigious an accumulation of objects beautiful, costly, and rare has never before or since been found on earth. STUDIES 1. What is the origin of our words _pedagogue_, _symposium_, _circus_, and _academy_? 2. Make a list of such Roman names as you have met in your reading. 3. Write a letter describing an imaginary visit to the theater of Dionysus during the performance of a tragedy. 4. What did civic patriotism mean to the Greek and to the Roman? 5. Have we anything to learn from the Greeks about the importance of training in music? 6. What were the schoolbooks of Greek boys? 7. What features of Athenian education are noted in the illustration, page 254? 8. How did the position of women at Athens differ from their position in Homeric Greece? 9. Why does classical literature contain almost no "love stories," or novels? 10. What contrasts exist between the ancient and the modern house? 11. Describe a Roman litter (illustration, page 263). 12. What differences exist between an ancient and a modern theatre? 13. What features of our "circus" recall the proceedings at the Roman games? 14. How many holidays (including Sundays) are there in your state? How do they compare in number with those at Rome in the reign of Marcus Aurelius? 15. Describe the theater of Dionysus (illustration, page 264). 16. What is the "Socratic method" of teaching? 17. How did the Greeks manage to build solidly without the use of mortar? 18. Discuss the appropriateness of the terms: _severe_ Doric; _graceful_ Ionic; _ornate_ Corinthian. 19. Can you find examples of any of the Greek orders in public buildings familiar to you? 20. How do you explain the almost total loss of original Greek sculptures? 21. By reference to the illustrations, page 279, explain the following terms: _shaft_; _capital_; _architrave_; _frieze;_ and _cornice._ 22. Explain the "Greek profile" seen in the Aphrodite of Cnidus and the Apollo of the Belvedere (plate facing page 76). 23. Name five famous works of Greek sculpture which exist to-day only in Roman copies.