Arist. _de Gen. Corr._ Β, 6. 333 b 21 (R. P. 168 e); _Met._ Β, 4. 1000
a 29 (R. P. 166 i). Cf. Simpl. _Phys._ p. 1124, 1 (R. P. 167 b). In
other places Aristotle speaks of it as “the One.” Cf. _de Gen. Corr._
Α, 1. 315 a 7 (R. P. 168 e); _Met._ Β, 4. 1000 a 29 (R. P. 166 i); Α,
4. 985 a 28 (R. P. _ib._). This, however, involves a slight
Aristotelian “development.” It is not quite the same thing to say, as
Empedokles does, that all things come together “into one,” and to say
that they come together “into the One.” The latter expression suggests
that they lose their distinct and proper character in the Sphere, and
thus become something like Aristotle’s own “matter.” As has been
pointed out (p. 265, _n._ 586), it is hard for Aristotle to grasp the
conception of irreducible elements; but there can be no doubt that in
the Sphere, as in their separation, the elements remain “what they
are” for Empedokles. As Aristotle also knows quite well, the Sphere is
a mixture. Compare the difficulties about the “One” of Anaximander
discussed in Chap. I. § 15.
Footnote 602:
This accounts for Aristotle’s statement, which he makes once
positively (_Met._ Β, 1. 996 a 7) and once very doubtfully (_Met._ Γ,
4. 1001 a 12), that Love was the substratum of the One in just the
same sense as the Fire of Herakleitos, the Air of Anaximenes, or the
Water of Thales. He thinks that all the elements become merged in
Love, and so lose their identity. In this case, it is in Love he
recognises his own “matter.”
At the appointed time, Strife begins to enter into the Sphere and Love
to go out of it (frs. 30, 31). The fragments by themselves throw little
light on this; but Aetios and the Plutarchean _Stromateis_ have between
them preserved a very fair tradition of what Theophrastos said on the
point.
Empedokles held that Air was first separated out and secondly Fire.
Next came Earth, from which, highly compressed as it was by the
impetus of its revolution, Water gushed forth. From the water Mist was
produced by evaporation. The heavens were formed out of the Air and
the sun out of the Fire, while terrestrial things were condensed from
the other elements. Aet. ii. 6. 3 (_Dox._ p. 334; R. P. 170).
Empedokles held that the Air when separated off from the original
mixture of the elements was spread round in a circle. After the Air,
Fire running outwards, and not finding any other place, ran up under
the solid that surrounded the Air.[603] There were two hemispheres
revolving round the earth, the one altogether composed of fire, the
other of a mixture of air and a little fire. The latter he supposed to
be the Night. The origin of their motion he derived from the fact of
fire preponderating in one hemisphere owing to its accumulation there.
Ps.-Plut. _Strom._ fr. 10 (_Dox._ p. 582; R. P. 170 a).
Footnote 603:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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