Boeckh admitted a very slow motion of the heaven of the fixed stars,
which he at first supposed to account for the precession of the
equinoxes, though he afterwards abandoned that hypothesis
(_Untersuchungen_, p. 93). But, as Dreyer admits (_Planetary Systems_,
p. 49), it is “not ... necessary with Boeckh to suppose the motion of
the starry sphere to have been an exceedingly slow one, as it might in
any case escape direct observation.”
It seems probable that the theory of the earth’s revolution round the
central fire really originated in the account given by Empedokles of the
sun’s light. The two things are brought into close connexion by Aetios,
who says that Empedokles believed in two suns, while Philolaos believed
in two or even in three.[825] The theory of Empedokles is unsatisfactory
in so far as it gives two inconsistent explanations of night. It is, we
have seen, the shadow of the earth; but at the same time Empedokles
recognised a fiery diurnal hemisphere and a nocturnal hemisphere with
only a little fire in it.[826] All this could be simplified by the
hypothesis of a central fire which is the true source of light. Such a
theory would, in fact, be the natural issue of the recent discoveries as
to the moon’s light and the cause of eclipses, if that theory were
extended so as to include the sun.
Footnote 825:
Aet. ii. 20, 13 (Chap. IV. p. 275, _n._ 609); cf. _ib._ 12 (of
Philolaos), ὥστε τρόπον τινὰ διττοὺς ἡλίους γίγνεσθαι, τό τε ἐν τῷ
οὐρανῷ πυρῶδες καὶ τὸ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ πυροειδὲς κατὰ τὸ ἐσοπτροειδές· εἰ μή
τις καὶ τρίτον λέξει τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνόπτρου κατ’ ἀνάκλασιν
διασπειρομένην πρὸς ἡμᾶς αὐγήν. Here τὸ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ πυρῶδες is the
central fire, in accordance with the use of the word οὐρανός explained
in another passage of Aetios, Stob. _Ecl._ i. p. 196, 18 (R. P. 81).
It seems to me that these strange notices must be fragments of an
attempt to show how the heliocentric hypothesis arose from the theory
of Empedokles as to the sun’s light. The meaning is that the central
fire really was the sun, but that Philolaos unnecessarily duplicated
it by supposing the visible sun to be its reflexion.
Footnote 826:
Chap. VI. § 113.
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