The question is intimately bound up with that of the date of Demokritos,
who said that he was a young man in the old age of Anaxagoras, a
statement which makes it unlikely that he founded his school at Abdera
before 420 B.C., the date given by Apollodoros for his _floruit_.[923]
Now Theophrastos stated that Diogenes of Apollonia borrowed some of his
views from Anaxagoras and some from Leukippos,[924] which can only mean
that there were traces of the atomic theory in his work. Further,
Apollonios is parodied in the _Clouds_ of Aristophanes, which was
produced in 423 B.C., from which it follows that the work of Leukippos
must have become known considerably before that date. What that work
was, Theophrastos also tells us. It was the _Great Diakosmos_ usually
attributed to Demokritos.[925] This means further that what were known
later as the works of Demokritos were really the writings of the school
of Abdera, and included, as was natural, the works of its founder. They
formed, in fact, a _corpus_ comparable to that which has come down to us
under the name of Hippokrates, and it was no more possible to
distinguish the authors of the different treatises in the one case than
it is in the other. We need not hesitate, for all that, to believe that
Aristotle and Theophrastos were better informed on this point than later
writers, who naturally regarded the whole mass as equally the work of
Demokritos.
Footnote 923:
Diog. ix. 41 (R. P. 187). As Diels points out, the statement suggests
that Anaxagoras was dead when Demokritos wrote. It is probable, too,
that it was this which made Apollodoros fix the _floruit_ of
Demokritos just forty years after that of Anaxagoras (Jacoby, p. 290).
We cannot make much of the other statement of Demokritos that he wrote
the Μικρὸς διάκοσμος 750 years after the fall of Troy; for we cannot
be sure what era he used (Jacoby, p. 292).
Footnote 924:
Theophr. _ap._ Simpl. _Phys._ p. 25, 1 (R. P. 206 a).
Footnote 925:
This was stated by Thrasylos in his list of the tetralogies in which
he arranged the works of Demokritos, as he did those of Plato. He
gives Tetr. iii. thus: (1) Μέγας διάκοσμος (ὃν οἱ περὶ Θεόφραστον
Λευκίππου φασὶν εἶναι); (2) Μικρὸς διάκοσμος; (3) Κοσμογραφίη; (4)
Περὶ τῶν πλανήτων. The two διάκοσμοι would only be distinguished as
μέγας and μικρός when they came to be included in the same _corpus_. A
quotation purporting to be from the Περὶ νοῦ of Leukippos is preserved
in Stob. i. 160. The phrase ἐν τοῖς Λευκίππου καλουμένοις λόγοις in
_M.X.G._ 980 a 8 seems to refer to Arist. _de Gen. Corr._ 325 a 24,
Λεύκιππος δ’ ἔχειν ᾠήθη λόγους κ.τ.λ., and would prove nothing in any
case. Cf. Chap. II. p. 138, _n._ 305.
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