As it comes substantially from Theophrastos, this passage is to be
regarded as good evidence for the cosmology of Leukippos, and it is
confirmed in an interesting way by certain Epicurean extracts from the
_Great Diakosmos_.[949] These, however, as is natural, give a specially
Epicurean turn to some of the doctrines, and must therefore be used with
caution.
Footnote 949:
These are to be found in Aet. i. 4 (_Dox._ p. 289; _Vors._ p. 347;
Usener, _Epicurea_, fr. 308). Epicurus himself in the second epistle
(Diog. x. 88; Usener, p. 37, 7) quotes the phrase ἀποτομὴν ἔχουσα ἀπὸ
τοῦ ἀπείρου.
[Sidenote: Relation to Ionic cosmology.]
177. The general impression which we get from the cosmology of Leukippos
is that he either ignored or had never heard of the great advance in the
general view of the world which was due to the later Pythagoreans. He is
as reactionary in his detailed cosmology as he was daring in his general
physical theory. We seem to be reading once more of the speculations of
Anaximenes or even of Anaximander, though there are traces of Empedokles
and Anaxagoras too. The explanation is not hard to see. Leukippos would
not learn a cosmology from his Eleatic teachers; and, even when he found
it possible to construct one without giving up the Parmenidean view of
reality, he was necessarily thrown back upon the older systems of Ionia.
The result was unfortunate. The astronomy of Demokritos, so far as we
know it, was still of this childish character. There is no reason to
doubt the statement of Seneca that he did not venture to say how many
planets there were.[950]
Footnote 950:
Seneca, _Q. Nat._ vii. 3.
This, I take it, is what gives plausibility to Gomperz’s statement that
Atomism was “the ripe fruit on the tree of the old Ionic doctrine of
matter which had been tended by the Ionian physiologists.”[951] The
detailed cosmology was certainly such a fruit, and it was possibly
over-ripe; but the atomic theory proper, in which the real greatness of
Leukippos comes out, was wholly Eleatic in its origin. Nevertheless, it
will repay us to examine the cosmology too; for such an examination will
serve better than anything else to bring out the true nature of the
historical development of which it was the outcome.
Footnote 951:
Gomperz, _Greek Thinkers_, vol. i. p. 323.
[Sidenote: The eternal motion.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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