This follows from a comparison of Diog. ii. 3. with Hipp. _Ref._ i. 7
(R. P. 23). In the latter passage we must, however, read τρίτον for
πρῶτον with Diels. The suggestion in R. P. 23 e that Apollodoros
mentioned the Olympiad without giving the number of the year is
inadequate; for Apollodoros did not reckon by Olympiads, but Athenian
archons. Jacoby (p. 194) brings the date of his death into connexion
with the _floruit_ of Pythagoras, which seems to me less probable.
Lortzing (_Jahresber._, 1898, p. 202) objects to my view on the ground
that the period of a hundred years plays no part in Apollodoros’s
calculations. It will be seen, however, from Jacoby, pp. 39 sqq., that
there is some reason for believing he made use of the generation of
33⅓ years.
[Sidenote: His book.]
24. Anaximenes wrote a book which certainly survived until the age of
literary criticism; for we are told that he used a simple and
unpretentious Ionic,[147] very different, we may suppose, from the
poetical prose of Anaximander.[148] We may probably trust this
criticism, which comes ultimately from Theophrastos; and it furnishes a
good illustration of the truth that the character of a man’s thoughts is
sure to find expression in his style. We have seen that the speculations
of Anaximander were distinguished for their hardihood and breadth; those
of Anaximenes are marked by just the opposite quality. He appears to
have thought out his system carefully, but he rejects the more audacious
theories of his predecessor. The result is that, while his view of the
world is on the whole much less like the truth than Anaximander’s, it is
more fruitful in ideas that were destined to hold their ground.
Footnote 147:
Diog. ii. 3 (R. P. 23).
Footnote 148:
Cf. the statement of Theophrastos above, § 13.
[Sidenote: Theory of the primary substance.]
25. Anaximenes is one of the philosophers on whom Theophrastos wrote a
special monograph;[149] and this gives us an additional guarantee for
the trustworthiness of the tradition derived from his great work. The
following[150] are the passages which seem to contain the fullest and
most accurate account of what he had to say on the central feature of
the system:—
Anaximenes of Miletos, son of Eurystratos, who had been an associate
of Anaximander, said, like him, that the underlying substance was one
and infinite. He did not, however, say it was indeterminate, like
Anaximander, but determinate; for he said it was Air.—_Phys. Op._ fr.
2 (R. P. 26).
From it, he said, the things that are, and have been, and shall be,
the gods and things divine, took their rise, while other things come
from its offspring.—Hipp. _Ref._ i. 7 (R. P. 28).
“Just as,” he said, “our soul, being air, holds us together, so do
breath and air encompass the whole world.”—Aet. i. 3, 4 (R. P. 24).
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