The symbolism of _sexual love._ Here as in the Platonic fable the longing after Oneness shows itself, and here, likewise, is shown that once a greater unity already existed; were this greater unity established, then this would again strive after a still greater one. The conviction of the unity of everything living guarantees that once there was an _immense Living Something,_ of which we are pieces; that is probably the Sphairos itself. He is the most blessed deity. Everything was connected only through love, therefore in the highest degree appropriate. Love has been torn to pieces and splintered by hatred, love has been divided into her elements and killed--bereft of life. In the whirl no living individuals originate. Eventually everything is segregated and now our period begins. (He opposes the Anaxagorean Primal Mixture by a Primal Discord.) Love, blind as she is, with furious haste again throws the elements one against another endeavouring to see whether she can bring them back to life again or not. Here and there she is successful. It continues. A presentiment originates in the living beings, that they are to strive after still higher unions than home and the primal state. Eros. It is a terrible crime to kill life, for thereby one works back to the Primal Discord. Some day everything will be again one _single life,_ the most blissful state. The Pythagorean-orphean doctrine re-interpreted in the manner of natural science. Empedocles consciously masters both means of expression, therefore he is the first rhetor. Political aims. The double-nature--the agonal and the loving, the compassionate. Attempt of the _Hellenic total reform_. All inorganic matter has originated out of organic, it is dead organic matter. Corpse and man. 6 DEMOCRITUS The greatest possible simplification of the hypotheses. 1. There is motion, therefore vacuum, therefore a "Non-Existent." Thinking is motion. 2. If there is a "Non-Existent" it must be indivisible, _i.e.,_ absolutely filled. Division is only explicable in case of empty spaces and pores. The "Non-Existent" alone is an absolutely porous thing. 3. The secondary qualities of matter, νόμῳ, not of Matter-In-Itself. 4. Establishment of the primary qualities of the ἄτομα. Wherein homogeneous, wherein heterogeneous? 5. The aggregate-states of Empedocles (four elements) presuppose only the homogeneous atoms, they themselves cannot therefore be ὄντα. 6. Motion is connected indissolubly with the atoms, effect of gravity. Epicur. Critique: what does gravity signify in an infinite vacuum? 7. Thinking is the motion of the fire-atoms. Soul, life, perceptions of the senses. . . . . . . . . Value of materialism and its embarrassment. Plato and Democritus.