On the basis of this statement Loren C. Eiseley—who has written much on
the problem of the extinction of American mammals—believes that the
Negro slaves told the Indian as well as the white man about the animal
that had such gigantic bones, and described its shape and habits.
The eighteenth-century white man—eager for knowledge of zoology and many
other things—pumped the Indian, and doubtless with leading questions.
The Indians, “involved in their own vast animal mythology,” as Eiseley
puts it, were likely to respond “to these myriads of questions with
elaboration and a desire to please.”[3] Thus, when our ancestors asked
where the elephants had gone, the Indians answered, “Across the lakes.”
Soon the belief that the mammoth still lived in the remoter portions of
northeastern Canada grew so strong in white men that early maps
indicated his home in western Labrador. By the time that the
ethnologists of the last half-century began collecting Indian myths
there were numerous traditions of the elephant in the native folklore.
In a summary of the material Duncan Strong lists more than a dozen
instances.[4] An Algonquin tribe told of a great animal “with an arm
coming out of its shoulder,” and of another that left “large round
tracks in the snow” and “struck its enemies with its long nose.”
Penobscot Indians had a myth in which a culture hero saw “moving hills
without vegetation,” which proved to be “great animals with long teeth,
animals so huge that when they lay down they could not get up.” There
were stories of “a great moose with a fifth leg.” Elephant myths turned
up among the Alabama Indians in the South. The Chitimacha said: “A long
time ago a being with a long nose came out of the ocean and began to
kill people. It would root up trees with its nose to get at people who
sought refuge in the branches.” The Eskimos of Alaska joined their
Siberian brothers in tales of a behemoth that burrowed underground and
died if he breathed air—a tale derived, no doubt, from the carcasses of
mammoths found frozen under the snow. “These stories,” writes Eiseley,
“show a suspicious growth in numbers just at the time when White
interest and enthusiasm were keenest.”[5]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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