is also thoroughly Jacobean, although, from the style of the wood panelling, the room must date from well on in the seventeenth century. Soon after this time the large unbroken space of the ceilings began to be cut up into large panels by cross-beams: the spaces thus formed were still of considerable size, and were decorated in the old manner, as may be seen in a room in the entrance tower at Haddon (Fig. 166), and at Carbrook Hall, Sheffield (Plate XLII.). But it was an easy step to omit this surface decoration, and when that was done, the ceilings became the large coffered ceilings characteristic of the style which followed the Jacobean. [Illustration: 164.--PART OF A CEILING FROM SIZERGH HALL, WESTMORLAND (NOW IN SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM).] [Illustration: 165.--CEILING FROM BENTHALL HALL, SHROPSHIRE.] [Illustration: PLATE LXIX. THE REINDEER INN, BANBURY, OXFORDSHIRE. CEILING.] [Illustration: 166.--CEILING IN GATEHOUSE, HADDON HALL, DERBYSHIRE.] [Illustration: PLATE LXX. CEILING OF THE GREAT CHAMBER, ASTON HALL, NEAR BIRMINGHAM (CIR. 1635).] [Illustration: PLATE LXXI. CEILING OF KING CHARLES' BEDROOM, ASTON HALL, NEAR BIRMINGHAM (CIR. 1635.)] As in the chimney-pieces, so in the ceilings, a favourite method of ornamentation was to introduce the owner's arms and badges. Of the examples given here only two, as it happens, illustrate this custom--the ceilings at Haddon (Fig. 161) and Sizergh (Fig. 164). The square panel at Haddon encloses a shield surrounded by a delicate strap-work border, and bearing the arms of Manners impaling Vernon, the work having been done by the Sir John Manners who came into possession of Haddon through his marriage with Dorothy Vernon, one of the co-heiresses of her father, Sir George, called the King of the Peak. At Sizergh one of the panels encloses a shield of arms, and others a badge. [Illustration: 167.--PENDANTS OF PLASTER CEILINGS.] There is a very splendid ceiling in the gallery at Blickling, in Norfolk, wherein various badges are introduced, and another at Apethorpe, in Northamptonshire. Others might be named, but the custom was not so widespread in the case of ceilings as of chimney-pieces, perhaps owing to the plasterers having a number of stock designs from which they worked, and which, of course, would not include the arms of any special family. There seems no doubt that the plasterers did have such stock designs, but it is curious how seldom they are found repeated; hardly anywhere, indeed, can two designs be found which are exactly alike. [Illustration: 168.--EXAMPLES OF PLASTER FRIEZES FROM MONTACUTE, AUDLEY END, AND CHARLTON HOUSE, WILTSHIRE.]