Arias, Dr. Juan Luis, memorial to Philip III, urges the necessity of the discovery of the southern hemisphere, for the sake of converting the natives before the English and Dutch heretics might do it, 1; extract from De Silva’s treatise, 3; prophecies, 4; the southern hemisphere not all water, 12; fertile, habitable, 15; rich in metals, pearls, animals, fruits, 16; A. Mendana de Meyra’s discoveries, 17; P. F. de Quiros, 18; J. Fernandez, 20; Indians of Taumaco indicate a continent southwards, 23; portion of the South Land already visited, larger than Europe, 24; the decline of Spain, caused by the neglect of exploration, 25; final loss of the crown threatened, 28 Arms of Amsterdam, ship, touched at the south coast of New Guinea, in 1619, part of the crew murdered by the natives, 44 Aristotle, speaks of a southern continent, xiii Arnhem, island, discovery, 45 Arnhem, yacht, voyage to New Guinea, 44; skipper and eight of the crew murdered, 45 Atlantis, island of, described by Plato, ii Aucke, Pietersz Jonck, _v._ Jonck AUSTRALIA. Regarded as forming part of New Guinea and the great southern continent, iv-xi; indications on maps in the sixteenth century, iv, xii, lxv; its coasts touched by the Dutch in the seventeenth, v; secrecy of the Portuguese, _ib._; of the Dutch East India Company vi; statement of Sir W. Temple, _ib._; quotations from early writers, xii; early maps with indications, xiv; assertion of the discovery by the Chinese, _ib._; Binot Paulmier de Gonneville the supposed first discoverer, xx; the Portuguese claim to the discovery, xxi; the Spanish claim, xxii; Magalhaens’ claim, xxii; Dr. Martin on the map of Dourado, xxiii; the tract laid down is either Tierra del Fuego or New Guinea, xxvi; other indications on maps of its discovery by the Portuguese, _ib._; Dalrymple’s disparagement of Captain Cook, xxxi; its refutation by Metz, xxxii; account, by Barbié de Bocage, of a hydrographic atlas which he supposed to be drawn by N. Vallard, of Dieppe, in 1547, xxxv; Gomez de Sequeira, xliii, xlvi; Barros’ narrative, xlvi; Sequeira driven to Tobi or Lord North’s Island, xlviii; account of the island, xlix; Australia shown to be the country described in those maps, li; the “Londe of Java,” lii; P. Crignon on J. Parmentier’s voyage, lix; the Portuguese, not the French, the real discoverers, lx; the quoted French maps copied after Parmentier, lxi; Parmentier’s information derived from the Portuguese, lxii; the discovery before 1542, lxiv; explorations by the Spanish in the sixteenth century, lxx; P. Fernandez de Quiros, lxx; Australia del Espirito Santo, lxxiv; first authenticated discovery made by a vessel from Holland in 1606, lxxviii; the Duyfhen, lxxix; the Eendraght, under Dirk Hartog, lxxx; plates on Dirk Hartog’s Island, lxxxii;