Earth Features and Their Meaning: An Introduction to Geology for the Student and the General ReaderHobbs, William Herbert
Science
Earth Features and Their Meaning: An Introduction to Geology for the Student and the General Reader
Hobbs, William Herbert
Geology; Physical geography
We may now, with profit, trace the successive episodes of the glacial
lake history, considering for the earlier stages those changes which
occurred within the Huron-Erie basin, since, these are in essential
respects like those of the Michigan and Superior basins, although
worked out in greater detail. Lake Chicago must, however, be brought
into consideration, since in all save the earliest and the later
stages, the waters from the Huron-Erie depression were discharged
through the Grand River into this lake and thence by the so-called
“Chicago outlet” into the Mississippi (plate 20 A).
=The early Lake Maumee.=—The area, outline, and outlet of this lake
are indicated upon Fig. 360. Its ancient beaches have been traced, as
well as the water-laid moraine beneath its former ice cliff; and no
observant traveler who should take his way down the ancient outlet
from Fort Wayne, Indiana, past the town of Huntington, could fail to
be impressed by its size, suggesting as it does the great volume of
water which must once have flowed along it. Now a channel a mile or
more in width, its bed for the twenty-five miles between Fort Wayne
and Huntington may be seen from the tracks of the Wabash Railway as a
series of swamps merely, while at Huntington the Wabash river enters by
a young V-shaped valley at the side, much as the Mississippi emerges
into the old channel of the Warren River at Fort Snelling, Minnesota
(see p. 327).
The Huron River of southern Michigan, which now discharges into Lake
Erie, then found its lower course blocked by the glacier and was thus
compelled to find a southerly directed channel now easily followed to
the northern horn of the crescent of Lake Maumee.
=The later Lake Maumee.=—When the ice lobe had retired its front
sufficiently, an outlet lower than that at Fort Wayne was uncovered
past the city of Imlay, Michigan, into the Grand River, and thence
through Lake Chicago and its outlet into the Mississippi. This old
outlet south of Chicago follows the course of the present Drainage
Canal and the line of the Chicago & Alton Railway. The traveler
journeying southward by train from Chicago has thus the opportunity of
observing first the beaches of the former lake, and then the several
channels which were joined in the main outlet at the station of Sag
(plate 20 A).
[Illustration: FIG. 361.—Outline map of the later Lake Maumee and of
its “Imlay outlet” to Lake Chicago (after Leverett).]
In this stage of our history Lake Maumee pushed a shrunk arm up past
the site of Ypsilanti in Michigan (Fig. 361), the well-marked beach
being found on Summit Street opposite the State Normal College. The
Huron River, which in the first lake stage had followed the valley now
occupied by the Raisin River southward into Indiana, now discharged
directly into a bay upon this arm of Lake Maumee, and so formed a delta
at Ann Arbor.
[Illustration: FIG. 362.—Outline map of Lakes Whittlesey and Saginaw
(after Leverett).]
[Illustration:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account