=Grooved and fretted uplands.=—The partial investment by cirques of a mountain upland yields a type of topography quite unlike that produced by any other geological process. The irregularly connected remnants of the inherited upland resemble nothing so much as a layer of dough from which biscuits have been cut (Fig. 395). The surface as a whole, furrowed as it is below the cirques, may be described as a _grooved upland_ (plate 19 A). A further continuation of the process removes all traces of the earlier upland, for the cirques intersect from opposite sides and thus yield palisades of sharp rock pinnacles which rise on precipitous walls from a terraced floor. This ultimate product of cirque sculpture by glaciers is called a _fretted upland_ (plate 18 A and 19 B). ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ PLATE 18. │ │ │ │ [Illustration: _A._ Fretted upland of the Alps seen from the summit │ │ of Mount Blanc.] │ │ │ │ [Illustration: _B._ Model of the Malaspina Glacier and the fretted │ │ upland above it (after model by L. Martin). │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ PLATE 19. │ │ │ │ [Illustration: _A._ Contour map of a grooved upland, Bighorn │ │ Mountains, Wyoming (U. S. Geol. Survey).] │ │ │ │ [Illustration: _B._ Contour map of a fretted upland, Philipsburg │ │ Quadrangle, Montana (U. S. Geol. Survey).] │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ =The features carved above the glacier.=—The ranges of pinnacles carved out by mountain glaciers have become known by various names of foreign derivation, such as _arête_, _grat_, _aiguille_ mountains, “files of _gendarmes_”, etc. They may, perhaps, be best referred to as _comb ridges_, and according to their position they are differentiated into main and lateral comb ridges, as will be clear from the second map of plate 19. [Illustration: FIG. 397.—A col shaped like a hyperbola between Mount Sir Donald and Yogo Peak in the Selkirks (after a plate by the Keystone Plate Co.).]