The U-shaped hanging valleys, like the main valley, are much too large for the streams which now fill them, and these diminutive side streams plunge over the steep wall of the main valley in ribbon-like falls so thin that the wind turns them aside and disperses the water in the spray of a “bridal veil.” Such falls are found by the hundred in every glaciated mountain district, imparting to it one of the greatest of its scenic charms. [Illustration: FIG. 405.—Character profiles in landscapes sculptured by mountain glaciers.] [Illustration: FIG. 406.—Flat dome shaped under the margin of a Norwegian ice cap with projecting rock knobs and moraines in foreground.] =The character profiles which result from sculpture by mountain glaciers.=—The lines which are repeated in landscapes carved by mountain glaciers are easy to recognize (Fig. 405). The highest horizon lines are the outlines of horns which are separated by cols. Minaret-like palisades, or “files of _gendarmes_”, often run for long distances as the characteristic comb ridges. Lower down and lacking the lighter background of the sky, we make out with less distinctness the U-valley, either with or without the albs to show that the sculpturing process has been interrupted by uplift. [Illustration: FIG. 407.—Two views illustrating successive stages in the shaping of tinds or “beehive” mountains.] =The sculpture accomplished by ice caps.=—In the case of ice caps, the only rock exposed is found in the neighborhood of the margin—the projecting islands known as nunataks. It is essential for the existence of the ice cap that the rock base should have relatively slight irregularities compared to the dimensions of the cap itself. Except in very high latitudes this base must be somewhat elevated, for like mountain glaciers ice caps are nourished by the surface air currents, and their snows are deposited above the snow line. =The Norwegian tind or beehive mountain.=—Within temperate or tropical climes the snow line lies so high that only the loftier mountains are able to support glaciers. It follows that those which are formed flow upon relatively high grades with correspondingly high rate of movement and increased cutting power. Within high latitudes the snow is found nearer the sea level, and glaciers are for the most part correspondingly sluggish in their movements as well as less active denuding agents.