At Talcahuano, on the coast of Chili, in 1835, there was a repetition
of the phenomena which accompanied the destruction of Penco in 1730
and 1751. About forty minutes after the first shock, the sea suddenly
retired. Soon afterwards, however, it returned in a wave twenty feet
high, the reflex of which swept everything towards the sea. These
phenomena were repeated three times.[75]
When Callao and Lima were destroyed, in 1746, the sea first drew back,
then came in as waves, four or five minutes after the earthquake.
Altogether, between October 28 and February 24, 451 shocks were
counted. At one time the sea came in eighty feet above its usual
level. One account says that the large waves came in forty-one and a
half hours after the first shock, and seventeen and a half hours after
comparative tranquillity had prevailed.[76]
At the eruption of Monte Nuovo, near Naples, in September 27, 1538, the
water drew back forty feet, so that the whole gulf of Baja became dry.
In 1696, at the time of the Catanian earthquake, the sea is said to
have gone back 2,000 fathoms. Instances are recorded where the sea has
receded several miles.
The time taken for the flowing back of the sea is usually very
different. Sometimes it has only been five or six minutes, whilst at
other times over half an hour, and there are records where the time is
said to have been still longer.
Thus, at the earthquake of Santa (June 17, 1678), the sea is stated to
have gone as far back as the eye could reach, and did not rise again
for twenty-four hours, when it flooded everything.
In 1690 at Pisco the sea went back two miles, and did not return for
three hours. When it returns it does so with violence, and examples of
the heights to which it may reach have been given. The greatest sea
wave yet recorded, according to Fuchs, is one which, on October 6,
1737, broke on the coast of Lupatka, 210 feet in height.
There are, however, cases known where the sea has returned as gradually
as it went out. Thus, on December 4, 1854, when Acapulco was
destroyed, the sea is said to have returned as gently as it went out.
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