Easy lessons in Einstein : $b A discussion of the more intelligible features of the theory of relativitySlosson, Edwin E. (Edwin Emery)
Science
Easy lessons in Einstein : $b A discussion of the more intelligible features of the theory of relativity
Slosson, Edwin E. (Edwin Emery)
Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955; Relativity (Physics)
Einstein’s _law_ of gravitation proves to be more accurate than
Newton’s law, but the correction is trifling except in rare cases. But
Einstein’s _theory_ of gravitation is fundamental and far-reaching
and if it is substantiated it will revolutionize physics and radically
affect our ordinary conceptions of the universe. The verification of a
prediction does not necessarily prove the truth of the hypothesis that
led to the prediction. Many a scientific discovery has come out of a
false assumption. Just as a miner may reopen an abandoned gold mine
or work over his dump heap to get more out of it, so scientists often
return to an old theory which they had abandoned for a more fruitful
hypothesis.
THE WEIGHT OF LIGHT
It is interesting to see that our modern physicists show a disposition
to adopt a corpuscular or emission theory of light not unlike the
conception which Newton steadfastly and vainly defended against the
undulatory theory. Professor Thomson, of Cambridge, reminds us that the
crucial experiment between the two theories was the test made by Bennet
in 1792 to determine if light exerted any pressure on a body when it
struck it as it would if light consisted of minute particles driven
straight forward with great velocity. Bennet found no such pressure
and the corpuscular theory was regarded as disproved. But it was later
found that the undulatory theory also involved such a pressure, and
recent experimenters have proved and measured it. As Professor Thomson
says:
It is perhaps fortunate that Bennet had not at his command more
delicate apparatus. Had he discovered the pressure of light, it would
have shaken confidence in the undulatory theory and checked that
magnificent work at the beginning of the last century which so greatly
increased out knowledge of optics.
Of course any modern form of the emission theory of light must
account, as Newton’s did not, for such phenomena as interference and
polarization, which are so satisfactorily handled by the undulatory
theory. That is, it must combine the best features of both. Professor
Thomson shows that only an exceedingly small fraction of the ether is
concerned in the forward movement of light, in other words, “the wave
front must be more analogous to bright specks on a dark ground than to
a uniformly illuminated surface.” He does not, however, go so far as
Planck in regarding it as proved that radiant energy of all kinds has
a unit or atomic structure, the color of the light depending on the
size of these particles.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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