Ecological Studies of the Timber Wolf in Northeastern MinnesotaMech, L. David
Science
Ecological Studies of the Timber Wolf in Northeastern Minnesota
Mech, L. David
Deer -- Minnesota; Gray wolf -- Behavior -- Minnesota; Gray wolf -- Ecology -- Minnesota
--------:---:-------:--------:-------:--------------------------------
Specimen: : :Cause of:Side of:
number :Sex:Age[28]: death :jaw[29]: Abnormality
--------:---:-------:--------:-------:--------------------------------
_Years_
M-8 F 3+ Wolves Right P_1 present (fig. 9)
Left Normal; no P_1 present outside
or inside jaw
M-31 F _17 mon._ Wolves Both Deciduous P_1 present (fig. 8)
and permanent P_1 present inside
left ramus; right side not
examined internally
M-45 M _4+_ Wolves Right P_2 rotated 90 deg.
Left P_2 absent
M-52 M 4+ Wolves Right P_2 absent
Left Normal
M-96 F _2+_ Hunters Right 2 permanent P_4s present; both
crooked in orientation (fig. 10)
Left P_2 diagonal; P_3 normal; P_4 below
gumline, pointed posteriorly and
wedged against M_1; appears to have
pushed out original P_4 (fig. 10)
M-117 M 5+ Hunters Right Third column of M_3 reduced
M-191 M 4+ Wolves Right Third column of M_3 absent
although rudimentary root present
Left Third column of M_3 much reduced,
peg-like, and almost separate
M-225 -- 4+ Wolves Right P_2 absent
Left P_2 situated diagonally
M-234 F 5+ Wolves Right Third column of M_3 reduced
M-254 M 2+ Hunters Right P_2 slightly crooked in orientation
Left P_2 slanting posteriorly and
crowding P_3
M-272 M 5+ Hunters Right Third column of M_3 reduced,
peg-like, and almost separate
Left Third column of M_3 peg-like and
separated from second column by
4 mm.
M-296 F 5+ Wolves Right Normal
Left Extra permanent P_4 crowding
original P_4; much like M-96
M-369 M 3+ Hunters Right Permanent P_2 still not emerged
but appears to be wedged against
root of P_3
--------:---:-------:--------:-------:--------------------------------
FOOTNOTES:
[28] Based on incisor sectioning method of Gilbert (1966) except that
_underlined_ figures are based on tooth replacement or wear (Severinghaus
1949).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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