Education; Educational psychology; Moral education
Geography and history were, when I was young, among the worst taught
of all subjects. I dreaded the geography lesson, and if I tolerated
the history lesson it was only because I have always had a passion
for history. Both subjects might be made fascinating to quite young
children. My little boy, though he has never had a lesson, already
knows far more geography than his nurse. He has acquired his knowledge
through the love of trains and steamers which he shares with all boys.
He wants to know of journeys that his imaginary steamers are to make,
and he listens with the closest attention while I tell him the stages
of the journey to China. Then, if he wishes it, I show him pictures of
the various countries on the way. Sometimes he insists upon pulling
out the big Atlas and looking at the journey on the map. The journey
between London and Cornwall in the train, which he makes twice a year,
interests him passionately, and he knows all the stations where the
train stops or where carriages are slipped. He is fascinated by the
North Pole and the South Pole, and puzzled because there is no East
Pole or West Pole. He knows the directions of France and Spain and
America over the sea, and a good deal about what is to be seen in those
countries. None of this has come by way of instruction, but all in
response to an eager curiosity. Almost every child becomes interested
in geography as soon as it is associated with the idea of travel. I
should teach geography partly by pictures and tales about travellers,
but mainly by the cinema, showing what the traveller sees on his
journey. The knowledge of geographical facts is useful, but without
intrinsic intellectual value; when, however, geography is made vivid
by pictures, it has the merit of giving food for imagination. It is
good to know that there are hot countries and cold countries, flat
countries and mountainous countries, black men, yellow men, brown men,
and red men, as well as white men. This kind of knowledge diminishes
the tyranny of familiar surroundings over the imagination, and makes it
possible in later life to _feel_ that distant countries really exist,
which otherwise is very difficult except by travelling. For these
reasons, I should give geography a large place in the teaching of very
young children, and I should be astonished if they did not enjoy the
subject. Later on, I should give them books with pictures, maps, and
elementary information about different parts of the world, and get
them to put together little essays about the peculiarities of various
countries.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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