The Native States of India, of which we have seen a series of examples,
occupy about a third of the area of the whole country, and contain about
one-fifth of the population. They represent in their present secure
position a new phase of Anglo-Indian policy. The Indian Mutiny closed a
period characterised by successive great annexations to the territory
directly ruled by Britain. Since the Mutiny there has been no
acquisition of directly ruled provinces, except in Burma. Therein the
policy of the Empire differs markedly from that of the old East India
Company. The King-Emperor now guarantees the privileges and separate
modes of rule in the Feudatory States. As a result, there are no more
loyal supporters of the British Raj than these great native chiefs, who
in recent years have raised an army of Imperial Service Troops, to
reinforce the Indian and British armies for the defence of the Empire
and the maintenance of internal order.
[Sidenote: 60.
Political Map of India.] Let us cast our eye over the map and enumerate
the principal divisions of India. Under direct British rule are in the
south Madras and in the east Burma. Then in succession through the plain
at the foot of the Himalayas are Eastern Bengal and Assam; Bengal; the
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh; and the Punjab. In the east centre
round Nagpur are the Central Provinces, and in the west is the
Presidency of Bombay, with the detached territory of Sind on the lower
Indus. On the Northwestern Frontier are British Baluchistan and the
Northwest Frontier Province, while in the midst of Rajputana is the
little district of Ajmer, and away in the south amid the forests of the
Western Ghats the little district of Coorg. Ceylon, as was said in the
first lecture, though British, is not a part of India, but a separate
Crown Colony. All these Provinces are directly administered by the
British Civil Service.
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