Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Philosophy
Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000
Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Relativity (Physics)
But, after all, the objective universe is the same old universe
however fast we are moving about in it, and whatever way we are
facing. These details merely determine the way we divide it up into
space and time. The universe is not affected by any arbitrary lines
which we draw through it for our personal convenience. For practical
purposes, we ascribe to it four dimensions, three in space and one in
time. Clearly if the time direction is altered, all dimensions both
of space and time must have different readings. If, for instance,
the time direction slopes away to the left, as compared with ours,
then space measurements to right and left must be correspondingly
altered. An analogy will simplify the matter.
Suppose we desire to reach a point ten miles off in a roughly
northeasterly direction. We might do so by walking six miles due east
and then eight miles due north. We should then be precisely ten miles
from where we started. But suppose our compass were out of order, so
that its north pole pointed somewhat to the west of north. Then in
order to get to our destination, we might have to walk seven miles
in the direction which we thought was east, and a little more than
seven miles in the direction which we thought was north. We should
then reach the same point as before. Both observers have walked
according to their lights, first due east and then due north, and
both have reached the same point: the one observer is certain that
the finishing point is six miles east of the starting-point, while
the other is sure it is seven miles.
Now we on the earth are all using a compass which points in the same
direction as regards time. But other observers, on bodies moving with
very different velocity, have a compass in which the time-direction is
displaced as compared with ours. Hence our judgments of distances will
not be alike. In our analogy, the northerly direction corresponds to
time, and the easterly direction to space; and so long as we use the
same compass we do not differ in our measurements of distances. But
for any one who has a different notion of the time-direction, not
only time intervals but space distances will be judged differently.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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