Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Philosophy
Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000
Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Relativity (Physics)
Hence, if with reference to two consecutive dots in our block of
film a mathematical quantity can be found which will not change no
matter how we changes our axes of coordinates, that quantity must
be an expression of the true law of motion of the fly between the
two points of the paper and the two times represented by these two
dots. Einstein has worked out such a quantity remaining constant for
all changes of coordinates of the four dimensional world of space-time.
In passing we may notice a feature of Einstein's world of space-time
which we shall doubtless find it difficult to conceive, namely,
that there is no essential difference between a time and a distance
in space. Since one set of coordinates is as good as another, we
can transform time into space and space into time according as we
choose our axes. For example if we change $OX$, $OT$, the axes of $x$
and time in Fig. 2, into $OX'$, $OT'$ by a simple rotation, the new
time represented by $OT'$ consists partly of $OA$ in the old time
and partly of $OB in the old $x$ direction. Referring to our block
of movie film again, it means that although I might separate the
block into space and time by slicing it into the original pictures,
I can just as readily slice it in any direction I choose and still
get individual pictures representing the motion of the fly but with,
of course, new time and space. So whilst I may be believe that a liner
has travelled 3,000 miles in 4 days, an observer on a star who knows
nothing of my particular axes in space-time may say, with equal truth,
that it went 2,000 miles in 7 days. Thus, time and space are not two
separate identities in Einstein's view; there only exists a world of
four dimensions which we can split up into time and space as we choose.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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