Electricity for the farm: Light, heat and power by inexpensive methods from the water wheel or farm engineAnderson, Frederick Irving
Science
Electricity for the farm: Light, heat and power by inexpensive methods from the water wheel or farm engine
Anderson, Frederick Irving
Electricity in agriculture
For heating the house, it is calculated that 2 watts is required for
each cubic foot of air space in a room, during ordinary winter
weather. Thus, a room 10 × 12, and 8 feet high, would contain 960
cubic feet, and would require 1,820 watts energy to heat it in cold
weather. Five such rooms would require 9.1 kilowatts; and 10 such
rooms, or their equivalent, would require 18.2 kilowatts.
Electric heating devices are divided into two classes: (1) those which
can be used on lamp circuits, _and do not draw more than 660 watts
each_; and (2) those which draw more than 660, therefore _require
special wiring_. The capacity of these devices is approximately as
follows:
Lamp circuit devices: Watts
Electric iron 400 to 660
Toaster 350 to 660
Vacuum cleaner 200 to 400
Grill 400 to 660
Small water heater 400 to 660
Hot plates 400 to 660
Lamp circuit devices:
Coffee percolator 400 to 660
Chafing dish 400 to 660
Electric fan 100 to 250
Special circuit devices:
Hot water boiler heater 800 to 1,200
Small ovens 660 to 1,200
Range ovens 1,200 to 3,000
Range, hot plates 400 to 1,300
Radiators (small) 750 to 1,500
Radiators (large) 1,500 to 6,000
The only device in the above list which is connected continuously, is
the hot water boiler, and this can be credited with at least one
electrical horsepower 24 hours a day. It is a small contrivance, not
much bigger than a quart can, attached to the back of the kitchen
boiler, and it keeps the water hot throughout the house at all hours.
Its cost will vary with the make, ranging from $8 to $15; and since it
is one of the real blessings of the farm kitchen and bathroom, it
should be included in all installations where power permits. Electric
radiators will be used 24 hours a day in winter, and not at all in
summer. They are portable, and can be moved from room to room, and
only such rooms as are in actual use need be heated. The other devices
are for intermittent service, many of them (like the iron) for only a
few hours each week.
The grill, chafing dish, coffee percolator, etc., which are used on
the dining room table while the family is at meals, each draw an
equivalent of from 6 to 10 carbon lights. By keeping this in view and
turning off spare lights, one can have the use of them, with even a
small plant. Thus, a one kilowatt plant permits the use of any one of
these lamp circuit devices at a time, with a few lights in addition.
_Power_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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