Elementary Zoology, Second EditionKellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman)
Science
Elementary Zoology, Second Edition
Kellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman)
Animals; Zoology
Of the hosts of marine Gastropods we can notice only a few kinds. The
nudibranchs (fig. 109) are a group of beautiful forms in which the
shell is wholly wanting and the mantle is usually absent. The gills
are thus exposed and are usually in the shape of delicate freely
projecting tufts arranged in rows along the back. The body is often
strikingly and variedly colored. These soft, naked "sea-slugs" live
near the shore, creeping about among the rocks and seaweeds. About a
thousand species of nudibranchs are known.
Among the shell-forming marine Gastropods there is great variety in
the size and shape and coloring of the shells. Many are beautifully
colored and patterned; others are oddly and fantastically shaped. The
cowries, or porcelain shells, familiar in collections of ocean
curiosities, have a large body whorl and a very short flat spire, and
the brightly colored shell looks as if enamelled. Some of the coast
tribes of Africa once used, and perhaps still use to some extent,
cowries as money. The limpets (fig. 104) are among the most abundant
of the seashore molluscs, their low, broadly conical shells being
plentifully scattered over the rocks between tide-lines. The
"oyster-drills" are Gastropods with odd spiny shells which do much
harm in oyster-beds by settling down on the oysters, boring holes
through the shells and eating the soft parts within. The
helmet-shells, from which shell cameos are cut, are composed of layers
of shell material of different colors. Among the specially beautiful
shells are the cone-shells, the olive-shells, the ivory-shells, etc.
=Squids, cuttlefishes, and octopi (Cephalopoda).=--TECHNICAL
NOTE.--Small squids preserved in alcohol or formalin can be had of
all dealers in biological supplies (see p. 453), and specimens
should be examined.
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