Elementary Zoology, Second EditionKellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman)
Science
Elementary Zoology, Second Edition
Kellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman)
Animals; Zoology
_Preparing skeletons._--In general, skeletons are best cleaned by
boiling. After most of the flesh has been cut away the skeleton should
be boiled in a soap solution until the remaining parts of the muscles
are thoroughly softened. The soap solution is made of 2,000 c.c. of
water, preferably distilled, 12 grams of saltpetre, and 75 grams of
hard soap (white). Heat these until dissolved, then add 150 c.c. of
strong ammonia. This stock solution is mixed with four or five parts
of water, when the mixture is ready for use. The bones after boiling
are rinsed in cold water, brushed and picked clean, then left to dry
on a clean surface.
_Preserving anatomical preparations._--Many specimens worth keeping
will be found, and for them a solution known as Fischer's formula is
suggested as good, especially for brains. Fischer's formula is made up
as follows: 2,000 c.c. of water, 50 c.c. of formalin, 100 grams of
sodium chloride, and 15 grams of zinc chloride. These are mixed
together until thoroughly dissolved. Open preparations well before
placing them in the liquid and use about twenty times the volume of
the object to be preserved.
_To keep fresh dissections._--For materials which are dissected fresh
and must be kept over for several days in a fresh condition add a few
drops of carbolic acid to the water which covers them. Carbolized
water (2 per cent in water) will preserve a great many tissues for a
long time. Hearts will remain for years in a supple condition in this
solution.
_Obtaining marine animals, microscopic preparations, etc._--For
schools not on the seashore the marine animals such as starfishes,
etc., which are to be dissected or examined as examples of the
branches to which they belong must be obtained as preserved specimens
from dealers in such supplies. Among such dealers on the Atlantic
coast are the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Holl, Mass.; F. W.
Walmsley, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.; and H. H.
and C. S. Brimley, Raleigh, N. C.; on the Pacific coast the Supply
Department, Hopkins Seaside Laboratory, Stanford University,
California. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Rochester, N. Y.,
supplies almost any biological specimens asked for. This establishment
furnishes already made dissections and sets illustrating life-history
and metamorphosis. The few permanent microscopic preparations which
are mentioned in the book as desirable to have can be made by the
teacher if he has had any training in microscopical technic. If not,
they may be bought cheaply of such dealers in natural history
supplies as the Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y.; the
Kny-Scheerer Co., 17 Park Place, New York City; Queen & Co., 1010
Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., and numerous others. From these
dealers also can be bought all of the laboratory supplies, such as
lenses, slides, cover-glasses, dissecting-scalpels, scissors and
needles, etc., mentioned in this book.
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