Elementary Zoology, Second EditionKellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman)
Science
Elementary Zoology, Second Edition
Kellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman)
Animals; Zoology
The high-school collection should include not only adult specimens of
the various kinds of animals, forming a systematic collection, as it
is called, but also all kinds of specimens which illustrate the
structure and habits of the animals in question and which will
constitute a so-called biological collection. Specimens of the eggs
and all immature stages; dissections preserved in alcohol or formalin
showing the external and internal anatomy; nests, cocoons, and all
specimens showing the work and industries of the various animals; in
short, any specimen of the animal itself in embryonic or postembryonic
condition, or any parts of the animal, or anything illustrating what
the animal does or how it lives, all these should be collected as
assiduously as the adult individuals. Each specimen in the collection
should be labelled with the name of the animal, the date, and
locality, and the name of the collector, with any particular
information which will make it more instructive. If such special data
are too voluminous for a label, they should be written in a general
note-book called "Notes on Collections" (kept in the schoolroom with
the collection), the specimen and corresponding data being given a
common number so that their association may be recognized. In the
following paragraphs are given brief directions for catching, pinning
up, and caring for insects, for making skins of birds and mammals, and
for the alcoholic preservation of other kinds of animals.
_Insects._--For catching insects there are needed a net, a
killing-bottle, a few small vials of alcohol, and a few small boxes to
carry home live specimens, cocoons, galls, etc. For preparing and
preserving the insects there are needed insect-pins, cork- or pith-lined
drawers or boxes, and small wide-mouthed bottles of alcohol.
[Illustration: FIG. 169.--Insect killing-bottle; cyanide of potassium
at bottom, covered with plaster of Paris. (From Jenkins and Kellogg.)]
The net, about 2 feet deep, tapering and rounded at its lower end, is
made of cheesecloth or bobinet (not mosquito-netting, which is too
frail), attached to a ring, one foot in diameter, of No. 3 galvanized
iron wire, which in turn is fitted into a light wooden or cane handle
about three and a half feet long.
The killing-bottle (fig. 169) is prepared by putting a few small lumps
(about a teaspoonful) of cyanide of potassium into the bottom of a
wide-mouthed bottle holding about four ounces, and covering this
cyanide with wet plaster of Paris. When the plaster sets it will hold
the cyanide in place, and allow the fumes given off by its gradual
volatilization to fill the bottle. Insects dropped into it will be
killed in from two or three to ten minutes. Keep a little tissue paper
in the bottle to soak up moisture and to prevent the specimens from
rubbing. Also keep the bottle well corked. Label it "Poison," and do
not breathe the fumes (hydrocyanic gas). Insects may be left in it
over night without injury to them.
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