[43] The coin called a guinea is now no longer in use, but the name is still given, from custom, to 21 shillings. The pound, which was not a coin, but a note promising to pay 20 shillings to the bearer, is also disused for the present, and the sovereign supplies its place; but the name pound is still given to 20 shillings. [44] Farthings are never written but as parts of a penny. Thus, three farthings being 3/4 of a penny, is written 3/4, or ¾. One halfpenny may be written either as 2/4 or ½; the latter is most common. Since there are 20 shillings in a pound, there are, in £18, 18 × 20, or 360 shillings; therefore, £18. 12 is 360 + 12, or 372 shillings. Since there are 12 pence in a shilling, in 372 shillings there are 372 × 12, or 4464 pence; and, therefore, in £18. 12. 6 there are 4464 + 6, or 4470 pence. Since there are 4 farthings in a penny, in 4470 pence there are 4470 × 4, or 17880 farthings; and, therefore, in £18. 12. 6¾ there are 17880 + 3, or 17883 farthings. The whole of this process may be written as follows: £18 . 12 . 6¾ 20 -------- 360 + 12 = 372 12 ----- 4464 + 6 = 4470 4 ----- 17880 + 3 = 17883 II. In 17883 farthings, how many pounds, shillings, pence, and farthings are there? Since 17883, divided by 4, gives the quotient 4470, and the remainder 3, 17883 farthings are 4470 pence and 3 farthings (218). Since 4470, divided by 12, gives the quotient 372, and the remainder 6, 4470 pence is 372 shillings and 6 pence. Since 372, divided by 20, gives the quotient 18, and the remainder 12, 372 shillings is 18 pounds and 12 shillings. Therefore, 17883 farthings is 4470¾_d_., which is 372s. 6¾_d_., which is £18. 12. 6¾. The process may be written as follows: 4)17883 ----- 12)4470 ... 3 ---- 20)372 ... 6 £18 . 12 . 6¾ EXERCISES. A has £100. 4. 11½, and B has 64392 farthings. If A receive 1492 farthings, and B £1. 2. 3½, which will then have the most, and by how much?--_Answer_, A will have £33. 12. 3 more than B. In the following table the quantities written opposite to each other are the same: each line furnishes two exercises. £15 . 18 . 9½ | 15302 farthings. 115ˡᵇˢ 1ᵒᶻ 8ᵈᵚᵗ | 663072 grains. 3ˡᵇˢ 14ᵒᶻ 9ᵈʳ | 1001 drams. 3ᵐ 149 yds 2ᶠᵗ 9 in | 195477 inches. 19ᵇᵘ 2ᵖᵏˢ 1 gall 2 qᵗˢ | 1260 pints. 16 ʰ 23ᵐ 47ˢ | 59027 seconds. 220. The same may be done where the number first expressed is fractional. For example, how many shillings and pence are there in ⁴/₁₅ of a pound? Now, ⁴/₁₅ of a pound is ⁴/₁₅ of 20 shillings; ⁴/₁₅ of 20 is 4 × 20 4 × 4 16 ------, or ----- (110), or ---, 15 3 3 or (105) 5⅓ of a shilling. Again, ⅓ of a shilling is ⅓ of 12 pence, or 4 pence. Therefore, £⁴/₁₅ = 5_s._ 4_d._