Elements of Criticism, Volume II.Kames, Henry Home, Lord
Philosophy
Elements of Criticism, Volume II.
Kames, Henry Home, Lord
Criticism; Literary style
These accents make different impressions on the mind, which will be the
subject of a following speculation. In the mean time, it may be safely
pronounced a capital defect in the composition of verse, to put a low
word, incapable of an accent, in the place where this accent should be.
This bars the accent altogether; and I know no other fault more
subversive of the melody, if it be not that of barring a pause
altogether. I may add affirmatively, that it is a capital beauty in the
composition of verse, to have the most important word of the sentence,
so placed as that this capital accent may be laid upon it. No single
circumstance contributes more to the energy of verse, than to have this
accent on a word, that, by the importance of its meaning, is intitled to
a peculiar emphasis. To show the bad effect of excluding the capital
accent, I refer the reader to some instances given above, p. ooo, where
particles are separated by a pause from the capital words that make them
significant, and which particles ought, for the sake of the melody, to
be accented, were they capable of an accent. Add to these the following
instances from the Essay on Criticism.
Oft, leaving what || is natural and fit,
_line 448._
Not yet purg’d off, || of spleen and sour disdain
_l. 528._
No pardon vile || obscenity should find
_l. 531._
When love was all || an easy monarch’s care
_l. 537._
For ’tis but half || a judge’s talk, to know
_l. 562._
’Tis not enough, || taste, judgement, learning, join
_l. 563._
That only makes || superior sense belov’d
_l. 578._
Whose right it is, || uncensur’d, to be dull
_l. 590._
’Tis best sometimes || your censure to restrain
_l. 597._
When this fault is at the end of the line that closes a couplet, it
leaves not the least trace of melody:
But of this frame the bearings, and the ties,
The strong connections, nice dependencies
In a line expressive of what is humble or dejected, it improves the
resemblance betwixt the sound and sense, to exclude the capital accent.
This, to my taste, is a beauty in the following lines.
In thêse deep sôlitudes || and aŵful cells
The pôor inhâbitant || behôlds in vain
To conclude this article, the accents are not, like the syllables,
confined to a certain number. Some lines have no fewer than five, and
there are lines that admit not above one. This variety, as we have seen,
depends entirely on the different powers of the component words.
Particles, even where they are long by position, cannot be accented; and
polysyllables, whatever space they occupy, admit but one accent.
Polysyllables have another defect, that they generally exclude the full
pause. I have shown above, that few polysyllables can find place in the
construction of English verse. Here are reasons for excluding them,
could they find place.
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