Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
Once more we may note a point of coincidence between our general
metaphysical theory of individuality and our personal experience as
moral agents. In so far as each of us is truly an individual, his aims
and ends form a system with an internal unity pervading its structure,
and therefore capable of progressive realisation as a system. Yet again,
because each of us is less than the whole of Reality, or, what is the
same thing, because the systematic unity of our inner life is never
complete, and our totality of interests relations, and aspirations never
a completely self-contained ordered whole, our ideals will always be
found to contain aspects which will not fully harmonise, elements which
fall outside such a unity of structure as it is possible to effect
within the limit of our single personality. And thus all our victories
contain an inseparable element of defeat. The defeated aspects of the
self may no doubt, and in general do, in proportion to the degree of our
individuality, belong to the “lower” and relatively more “untrue” self,
yet they are elements in the whole self, and their suppression is a
genuine if necessary self-suppression. There is a sense in which an
aspect of failure is an inevitable feature in the life of every
subordinate and therefore imperfect individual. Human life, even in the
millennium, as we rightly feel, would not be human life if the note of
sadness were altogether absent from it. Only in the single experience of
the absolute whole can the discordant notes be finally resolved into a
faultless harmony.
§ 7. Technically, we may mark the distinction between complete and
approximate individuality by saying that the absolute whole is an
infinite individual, whereas all lesser wholes are but finite
individuals. And here it is important to note carefully the true meaning
of these often much-abused terms. The infinite must not be confounded
with the indefinite or unfinished. Its fundamental property is not the
merely negative one of having no end or “last term,” but the positive
one of having an internal structure which is the harmonious and complete
expression of a single self-consistent principle. The finite, again, is
finite not primarily merely because it has a “last term,” _i.e._ because
there is something else outside it, but because its “last term” is
arbitrarily determined, _i.e._ determined by something other than the
principles of its internal structure. In other words, the essential
defect of the finite is that it is not solely determined by its own
structural principle.
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