Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
Again, like the principle of Causality, the principle of Uniformity may
be successful to different degrees, according to the special nature of
the processes for which it is assumed. As the causal postulate rested on
the assumption that a selection from the antecedents of an event may for
practical purposes be treated as equivalent to its complete ground, so
the more general postulate of Uniformity rests on the assumption that
individual purpose may be left out of account in assigning the ground of
a process. It does not follow that these postulates will receive the
same amount of empirical justification for all departments of the
physical order. There may well be certain processes in which the
individual purposive character is so prominent that, even for our
practical purposes, we cannot safely calculate their course without
taking their end or purpose into consideration. In that case the
principle of Uniformity and that of Causality would, for this part of
the physical order, lose their practical value. It is a popular belief
that such a failure of these practical postulates actually takes place
where we come to deal with the conscious volitions of human agents. The
problem is one which must be kept for fuller consideration in our next
Book, but we can at present make two general statements.
(1) Such a failure of the postulates of Causality and Uniformity in
application to a particular sphere would not involve a breach of the
fundamental logical principle of Ground and Consequence, since, as we
have seen sufficiently already, both postulates impose special
restrictions on that principle for which the nature of the principle
itself affords no warrant. It would thus not be an unthinkable or
logically untenable position to hold that no general laws of human
action can be formulated.
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