Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
§ 2. _Perceptual Space and Time._ Both space and time, as we are aware
of them in immediate perception, are (1) _limited_. The space we
actually behold as we look out before us with a resting eye is always
terminated by a horizon which has a more or less well-defined outline;
the “specious present,” or portion of duration of which we can be at any
time aware at once as an immediately presented content, has been shown
by elaborate psychological experimentation to have a fairly well-defined
span. Whatever lies outside this “span of attention” belongs either to
the no longer presented past or to the not yet presented future, and
stands to the sensible present much as the space behind my back to the
actually beheld space before my eyes. Of course, in either case the
limits of the actually presented space or time are not absolutely
defined. To right and left of the line of vision the visible horizon
gradually fades off into the indistinctly presented “margin of
consciousness”; the “sensible present” shades away gradually at either
end into the past and the future. Yet, though thus not absolutely
defined, sensible space and time are never boundless.
(2) Perceptual space and time are both internally _sensibly continuous_
or unbroken. Concentrate your attention on any lesser part of the
actually seen expanse, and you at once find that it is itself an expanse
with all the characteristics of the wider expanse in which it forms a
part. Space as actually seen is not an aggregate of _minima visibilia_
or perceptual points in which no lesser parts can be discriminated; so
long as space is visually or tactually perceived at all, it is perceived
as containing lesser parts which, on attending to them, are found to
repeat the characteristics of the larger space. So any part of the
“specious present” to which special attention can be directed, turns out
itself to be a sensible duration. Perceived space is made of lesser
spaces, perceived time of lesser times; the “parts” not being, of
course, actually distinguished from each other in the original percept,
but being _capable_ of being so distinguished in consequence of varying
movements of attention.
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