1752. The apples are without doubt the most perfect fruit, as well in reference to their structure as their chemical ingredients. The apple consists of all the parts of the blossom: seed, capsule, and fleshy calyx, and is besides polycarpellar, i. e. composed of separate carpels. Its edible substance or flesh is not simply a sweet-meat, but a true aliment, which admits of being eaten after it has been kept fresh for a year, of being dried, exported, or cooked as a kitchen vegetable; in cases of exigency too it occurs in such abundance that the whole human race might live upon it, which cannot be said of any other fruit. The apple quenches at the same time the thirst, and thus supplies also the place of drink. All the other fruits are either a dainty relish only against thirst, or a simple amylaceous medium of nutrition. However, most of the plants belonging to this class produce only dry capsules and calyces. 1753. They divide into two groups, having few or many stamina. First order, _Pomariæ parenchymatosæ_. Herbs with few stamina and five or more carpels, as the _Crassulaceæ_ and _Mesembryanthemaceæ_. Second order, _P. vaginatæ_. Shrubs with few stamina, only two to three carpels and few seeds.--_Tamaricaceæ_, _Bruniaceæ._ VEGETABLE SYSTEM Table B +==========================================================================+ | FIRST PROVINCE. | | | | HISTOPHYTA--ACOTYLEDONES. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +====================+=================+==================+================+ | | | | | | | CLASS I. | CLASS II. | CLASS III. | | | | | | | ORGANS. | Cellulares. | Vasculares. | Tracheales. | | | _Fungi._ | _Mosses._ | _Ferns._ | | | | | | | ORD. I. Parenchyma.| Roste. | Schleim-Moose. | Wasser-Farren. | | | | | | | F. 1. Cells. | Entophyta. | Diatomaceæ. | Marsileaceæ. | | 2. Ducts. | Epiphyta. | Nostochineæ. | Pilulariæ. | | 3. Tracheæ. | Tuberculariæ. | Batrachospermeæ.| Equisetaceæ. | | | | | | | O. II. Sheaths. | Schimmel. | Wasserfäden. | Kugelfarren. | | | | | | | F. 4. Bark. | Mucorini. | Confervaceæ.