Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany: For High Schools and Elementary College CoursesCampbell, Douglas Houghton
Science
Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany: For High Schools and Elementary College Courses
Campbell, Douglas Houghton
Botany -- Textbooks
[Illustration: FIG. 116.--Types of _Isocarpous sympetalæ_
(_Bicornes_). _A_, flowers, fruit, and leaves of huckleberry,
_Gaylussacia_ (_Vaccinieæ_), × 1. _B_, vertical section of the flower,
× 3. _C_, a stamen: i, from in front; ii, from the side, × 4. _D_,
cross-section of the young fruit, × 2. _E_, flower of sorrel-tree,
_Oxydendrum_ (_Ericaceæ_), × 2. _F_, flower of azalea (_Rhododendron_),
× ½. _G_, cross-section of the ovary, × 3. _H_, diagram of the flower.
_I_, flower of mountain laurel (_Kalmia_), × 1. _J_, prince's-pine,
_Chimaphila_ (_Pyrolaceæ_), × ½. _K_, a single flower, × 1. _L_, plant
of pine-sap, _Monotropa_, (_Monotropeæ_), × ½. _M_, section of a
flower, × 1.]
The second order, the primroses (_Primulinæ_), is principally
represented in the cooler parts of the world by the true primrose
family (_Primulaceæ_), of which several familiar plants may be
mentioned. The genus _Primula_ includes the European primrose and
cowslip, as well as two or three small American species, and the
commonly cultivated Chinese primrose. Other genera are _Dodecatheon_,
of which the beautiful shooting-star (_D. Meadia_) (Fig. 117, _A_) is
the best known. Something like this is _Cyclamen_, sometimes
cultivated as a house plant. The moneywort (_Lysimachia nummularia_)
(Fig. 117, _D_), as well as other species, also belongs here.
[Illustration: FIG. 117.--_Isocarpous sympetalæ_ (_Primulinæ_,
_Diospyrinæ_). _A_, shooting-star, _Dodecatheon_ (_Primulaceæ_), × ½.
_B_, section of a flower, × 1. _C_, diagram of the flower. _D_,
Moneywort, _Lysimachia_ (_Primulaceæ_), × ½. _E_, a perfect flower of
the persimmon, _Diospyros_ (_Ebenaceæ_), × 1. _F_, the same, laid open:
section of the young fruit, × 2. _H_, longitudinal section of a ripe
seed, × 1. _em._ the embryo. _I_, fruit, × ½.]
The sea-rosemary (_Statice_) and one or two cultivated species of
plumbago are the only members of the plumbago family (_Plumbagineæ_)
likely to be met with. The remaining families of the _Primulinæ_ are
not represented by any common plants.
The third and last order of the _Isocarpous sympetalæ_ has but a
single common representative in the United States; viz., the persimmon
(_Diospyros_) (Fig. 117, _E_). This belongs to the family _Ebenaceæ_,
to which also belongs the ebony a member of the same genus as the
persimmon, and found in Africa and Asia.
The second division of the _Sympetalæ_ (the _Anisocarpæ_) has usually
but two or three carpels, never as many as the petals. The stamens are
also never more than five, and very often one or more are abortive.
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