From bruised and lacerated wounds there is little or no hemorrhage, but
in proportion to the severity of the bruise, is the bleeding slight,
and the danger great. The bloodvessels are so torn and twisted as to
permit the spontaneous and temporary suppression of hemorrhage to
occur almost immediately; and the larger arteries may escape entirely,
owing to their elasticity. Sometimes after bruised wounds, such as
those inflicted by gunshot, the large vessels bleed instantly and
violently; often, however, hemorrhage occurs only after the sloughs
separate, many days after the infliction of the injury, and then it is
generally very profuse; in some instances, limbs are torn, bruised,
or shot away, without hemorrhage occurring to any great degree, or at
any period. Frequently the vitality of the parts surrounding the wound
is much diminished; and the whole limb is apt to become gangrenous,
either immediately, on account of the extreme violence of the injury,
or consecutively, from greatly excited action going on in parts whose
power of resistance has been much impaired: it often arises also from
constitutional peculiarity. The gangrene extends often rapidly, in
consequence of the infiltration of putrid serosity into the cellular
tissue. In the treatment of bruised wounds, the position of the parts
must be carefully attended to; they must be placed in a state of
relaxation. In general, it is unnecessary to retain the margins of the
wound in contact, for adhesion cannot occur—suppuration must ensue,
and is to be desired—and the dead and dying parts must be loosened and
discharged before union can take place. Sometimes, as when a large
flap has been detached, and the parts not much injured otherwise,
approximation ought to be accomplished, for the reasons already
mentioned. In almost all cases, and most certainly in those in which
the mechanical injury has been severe, and its effects extensive,
violent inflammatory action is to be dreaded, and measures must be
taken to ward it off: notwithstanding the prophylactic treatment,
violent inflammation often comes on, and then recourse must be had to
the means proper for the subduing of it. Blood is to be taken from
the part, if necessary, and soothing applications used, in the form
of fomentation and poultice. The main indications are to prevent
extravasation into the substance of the limb, and strongly excited
action. When the sloughs begin to separate, emollient poultices promote
the suppuration and discharge of dead matter, and afterwards the
sore must be dressed, according to the nature of the case, with the
applications most fit for granulating sores in their different degrees
of action and advancement. During the after treatment, the sides of the
sore ought to be well supported, so as to prevent, as much as possible,
suppuration from extending along the neighbouring cellular tissue; but,
at the same time, the dressing must not be so tightly applied as to
cause irritation.
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