Fry, Elizabeth Gurney, 1780-1845; Prison reformers -- Biography
3d. The very frequent result of the administration of this system by
incompetent or unfit officers would be the moral contamination of the
prisoners.
4th. The enormous expense of providing officers and accommodation
sufficient to include all the criminals of the country.
5th. The certainty of injury to body and mind from the continuance of
solitude for life. The digestive and vocal organs, and the reason would
inevitable suffer. In proof she quoted the notorious imbecility of the
aged monks of La Trappe: "We are credibly informed of the fact (in
addition to what we have known at home) that amongst the monks of La
Trappe few attain the age of sixty years without having suffered an
absolute decay of their mental powers, and fallen into premature
childishness."
6th. The danger lest increased solitude instead of promoting
repentance, should furnish favorable hours for the premeditation of new
crimes, and so confirm the criminal in hardened sin.
7th. The impossibility of fitting the prisoners for returning to society
under the system; whereas by teaching them useful employments and
trades, and training them to work in company for remuneration, habits
and customs may be induced which should aid in a life-long reformation.
Two or three years after the enunciation of these principles and
reasons, Mrs. Fry addressed a valuable communication to Colonel Jebb in
reference to the new Model Prison at Pentonville, then (1841,) in course
of construction:--
We were much interested by our visit to this new prison. We think
the building generally does credit to the architect, particularly
in some important points, as ventilation, the plan of the
galleries, the chapel, etc., and we were also much pleased to
observe the arrangement for water in each cell, and that the
prisoner could ring a bell in case of wanting help.
The points that made us uneasy were, first, the dark cells, which
we consider should never exist in a Christian and civilized
country. I think having prisoners placed in these cells a
punishment peculiarly liable to abuse. Whatever restrictions may be
made for the governor of a jail, and however lenient those who
_now_ govern, we can little calculate upon the change the future
may produce, or how these very cells may one day be made use of in
case of either political or religious disturbance in the country,
or how any poor prisoner may be placed in them in case of a more
severe administration of justice.
I think no person should be placed in _total_ darkness; there
should be a ray of light admitted. These cells appear to me
calculated to excite such awful terror in the mind, not merely from
their darkness but from the circumstance of their being placed
within another cell, as well as being in such a dismal situation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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