The angle formed between any objects and our eye is the only means
by which our sight estimates their size and distance, and as this
angle is the simple effect of complex causes, the judgment we form
does not distinguish between the several causes; we are compelled
to be inaccurate. For how can I tell, by sight alone, whether
the angle at which an object appears to me smaller than another,
indicates that it is really smaller or that it is further off.
Here we must just reverse our former plan. Instead of simplifying
the sensation, always reinforce it and verify it by means of another
sense. Subject the eye to the hand, and, so to speak, restrain the
precipitation of the former sense by the slower and more reasoned
pace of the latter. For want of this sort of practice our sight
measurements are very imperfect. We cannot correctly, and at
a glance, estimate height, length, breadth, and distance; and the
fact that engineers, surveyors, architects, masons, and painters
are generally quicker to see and better able to estimate distances
correctly, proves that the fault is not in our eyes, but in our
use of them. Their occupations give them the training we lack,
and they check the equivocal results of the angle of vision by its
accompanying experiences, which determine the relations of the two
causes of this angle for their eyes.
Children will always do anything that keeps them moving freely.
There are countless ways of rousing their interest in measuring,
perceiving, and estimating distance. There is a very tall cherry
tree; how shall we gather the cherries? Will the ladder in the
barn be big enough? There is a wide stream; how shall we get to the
other side? Would one of the wooden planks in the yard reach from
bank to bank? From our windows we want to fish in the moat; how
many yards of line are required? I want to make a swing between two
trees; will two fathoms of cord be enough? They tell me our room
in the new house will be twenty-five feet square; do you think
it will be big enough for us? Will it be larger than this? We are
very hungry; here are two villages, which can we get to first for
our dinner?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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