This was not accomplished without some trouble and anxiety. It took time to indoctrinate the officers and attendants with the principles of the new system, in which they were deprived of their old prop. The aid which he received from Miss Powell the matron was most valuable. In ten years not one case was admitted to Hanwell in which mechanical restraint was deemed necessary, although many suicidal patients were among them. In fact, the removal of restraint tended directly and powerfully to promote the recovery of these, by taking away the sense of degradation occasioned by such restraint, by bringing them within the sphere of medical remedial agents and of cheerful influences. The only substitutes allowed were in some cases seclusion of a patient in an ordinary sleeping apartment, and, in extreme cases, in a padded room in which the floor was a bed; such seclusion being immediately reported to the medical officers, and recorded, even when continued only for a few minutes. This was found sufficient to protect the other patients, to calm the refractory one, and act as a tonic and remedial influence. The shower-bath was rarely resorted to except for medical reasons; window-guards, clothing, and bedding of strong materials to prevent tearing, were only required in a few cases. “The great and only real substitute for restraint is invariable kindness,” says Dr. Conolly. “This feeling must animate every person employed in every duty to be performed.” Dr. Conolly published the main results of his experience in his Clinical Lectures in the _Lancet_ in 1846, and in a work on the Construction and Government of Asylums, in 1847. His annual reports to the Justices detailed the progress of his system, and he afterwards summarised them and published them collectively. At the end of ten years, finding the non-restraint system in no danger of being abandoned at Hanwell, Dr. Conolly ceased to be resident physician, and became visiting physician, attending at the asylum twice a week, and spending the greater portion of the day there. His interest in the patients, says Dr. Hitchman, seemed never to flag. He would always look out for something to commend in a patient, the hair better kept, clothes more neatly worn, &c., and addressing the patients in the most gentle, affectionate tones, he made his visits always a matter of longing. The old attendants at the hospital in after years spoke of Dr. Conolly’s untiring watchfulness in the first years of his experiment. He would visit the wards at all hours of the night to see that his orders were being obeyed, walking noiselessly along the corridors. He was kept up in his arduous duties by an elevated religious principle. “I feel grateful to God,” he wrote, “who has intrusted duties to me which angels might stoop to perform.” He suffered greatly from an affection of the skin, which kept him awake at night and ill at ease during the day; and hence was liable