various papers and lectures of his have commanded much attention and elucidated important points. He contributed fifty short articles on these subjects to Quain’s “Dictionary of Medicine.” As a lecturer Dr. Cobbold’s style is highly popular and pleasing. He possesses to a great degree the power of putting himself on good terms with his audience and keeping them interested. His position in regard to the investigations with which his life has been chiefly occupied has been quite unique. An extract from his work on Entozoa is an interesting example of a very successful mode of treating this subject. “The happiest, and perhaps after all the most truly philosophic, way of studying the entozoa, is to regard them as a peculiar fauna, destined to occupy an equally peculiar territory. That territory is the widespread domain of the interior of the bodies of man and animals. Each animal or “host” may be regarded as a continent, and each part or viscus of his body may be noted as a district. Each district has its special attractions for particular parasitic forms; yet, at the same time, neither the district nor the continent are suitable localities as a permanent resting-place for the invader. None of the internal parasites ‘continue in one stay;’ all have a tendency to roam; migration is the very soul of their prosperity; change of residence the _sine quâ non_ of their existence, whilst a blockade in the interior, prolonged beyond the proper period, terminates only in cretification and death.” FOOTNOTES: [21] _Fortnightly Review_, June 1885, p. 775. [22] _World_, September 18, 1878. CHAPTER XXVI. _EMINENT SPECIALISTS—continued._ _SIR W. BOWMAN, BRUDENELL CARTER, AND EYE DISEASES; TOYNBEE, HINTON, AND EAR DISEASES._ The eye, the organ of light, was, till recent times, practically a dark chamber. Only its grosser movements and the effects of its lenses upon the rays of light were understood. Its minute structure, its relationship to the brain, and the real nature of the morbid changes occurring in it, were hidden. To-day its microscopic elements are unravelled, and very much is known of their connexion with the great nerve-centres behind them. Experiment and calculation have gone far to settle the precise mode in which light gives rise to sight, and affects our perception and judgment of external objects, and the condition of the eye during life and health or disease has been brought into view by the ophthalmoscope. The names of Helmholtz and of Donders are inseparably connected with modern advances in the physiology of the eye, while no English name is more conspicuous in regard to the surgery of the eye than that with which we commence this chapter.