One of Toynbee’s most valuable contributions to the treatment of deafness was his invention of a method of forming an artificial tympanic membrane when that part had been destroyed or perforated. This is fully described in his pamphlet on the subject, which went through many editions, as well as in his general treatise. He first demonstrated the existence of many osseous and other tumours of the parts of the ear and of the ossicles of the tympanum, and also the fact that the Eustachian tube leading from the back of the throat into the tympanum remains always closed except during the momentary act of swallowing. A premature end came to Toynbee’s energetic and benevolent life. Always active in experimental research, and much concerned in aural therapeutics, he experimented on himself with chloroform, and it is believed, prussic acid vapour, which he wished to cause to enter by the Eustachian tube into the tympanum for the relief of tinnitus aurium or noises in the ears. He unfortunately pursued his experiments while alone, and was found dead on July 7, 1866, in his consulting room at Savile Row, with a pad of cotton wool over his face, and chloroform and prussic acid bottles, his open watch, and various memoranda of experiments near him. His death excited universal sympathy for Mr. Toynbee’s widow and nine children, with whom he had lived most happily. * * * * * If one great aural surgeon became a martyr of science, another was no less a martyr of philanthropy. The name of JAMES HINTON, which gained wide celebrity during his lifetime, has been progressively elevated since his death by the publication of his “Life and Letters,” by Miss Ellice Hopkins, and of his works on “The Art of Thinking,” 1879, “Philosophy and Religion,” 1881, and “The Law-Breaker, and the Coming of the Law,” 1884. Even yet, fortunately, much more may be hoped for, in the shape more especially of an autobiography, and of a work on Ethics. It has become increasingly evident that James Hinton was, if not a true genius, a man who approached very nearly to that altitude of nature. As Mr. Shadworth Hodgson remarks in the introduction to the “Chapters on the Art of Thinking,” Hinton is a hander-on of Coleridge’s torch, with less of systematic theology and more of emotional spiritualism. It is quite impossible to attempt here to sketch his various philosophical contributions. Indeed the time has not yet fully come to estimate them, their influence, or the man who gave birth to them. As an aural surgeon he perhaps scarcely rose to Toynbee’s level, but this was rather because the greatness of his mind and soul in vaster fields overpowered him, than from defect of ability. An outline of his life and work only can here be given.