Eminent doctors: Their lives and their work; Vol. 2 of 2Bettany, G. T. (George Thomas)
History
Eminent doctors: Their lives and their work; Vol. 2 of 2
Bettany, G. T. (George Thomas)
Medicine -- Great Britain -- History; Physicians -- Great Britain
As regards the age of patients, he showed by calculation that typhoid
usually attacked much younger patients than typhus, the average
age of his cases of the one being 22 years, of the other 42 years.
In typhus, death took place on the average on the fourteenth day,
while in typhoid the average was the thirty-second day of residence
in the hospital. The rose rash of typhoid, disappearing completely
on pressure, resuming the original appearance on the withdrawal of
pressure, was clearly discriminated from the mulberry rash of typhus.
His _post mortem_ observations may be considered to have given the
death-blow to the idea that typhoid was merely typhus fever with
abdominal complications. In closing the series of papers (April
1850) Dr. Jenner remarked, as to the suggestion that he had drawn
general conclusions from a too limited number of facts, “A few facts,
impartially observed, minutely recorded, and carefully analysed,
are, I believe, more likely to give correct results than a multitude
of general observations; and moreover, I believe most men would be
astonished if they had in numbers all the cases of any given disease
they had ever seen, yet concerning which they have generalised. The
method I have adopted—however prolix it may be, however difficult
to conform to, however tedious the details into which it leads—has
this advantage, that if the observer be honest, and capable of noting
what is before him, thinking men may judge of the value of his facts,
the force of his reasoning, and the correctness of his conclusion;
whereas general observations, while they are totally incapable of
proving anything, are exposed to all the fallacies of definite
statements, because the one, like the other, rests ultimately on the
accuracy of the facts observed. If the observations on which any
reasoning is founded be erroneous, no cloaking of those observations
in general terms can render the conclusions correct. It has been
objected to definite numerical statements that they mislead the
reader by an _appearance_ of accuracy in cases where there has been
great inaccuracy in observation. This objection appears to me to
lie against the condition of the reader’s mind, and not against the
method.... The more complicated the problem to be solved, the more
careful ought we to be that _every_ step in its solution is made
correctly. How complex questions, such as arise in medicine, are to
be determined mentally—_i.e._, without the aid of figures—by ordinary
men, I am at a loss to conceive. Yet physicians think to solve, by
mental reveries, problems in comparison with which the most difficult
that the most renowned calculators ever answered were child’s play;
and not only do they think to solve these problems, but to carry in
their minds for years the complicated materials by which they are to
be solved.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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