increased to nine months. Arnim avoided imprisonment by leaving the country, and in 1875 published anonymously at Zurich a pamphlet entitled "Pro nihilo," in which he attempted to show that the attack on him was caused by Bismarck's personal jealousy. For this he was accused of treason, insult to the emperor, and libelling Bismarck, and in his absence condemned to five years' penal servitude. From his exile in Austria he published two more pamphlets on the ecclesiastical policy of Prussia, "Der Nunzius kommt!" (Vienna, 1878), and "Quid faciamus nos?" (_ib._ 1879). He made repeated attempts, which were supported by his family, to be allowed to return to Germany in order to take his trial afresh on the charge of treason; his request had just been granted when he died on the 19th of May 1881. In 1876 Bismarck carried an amendment to the criminal code making it an offence punishable with imprisonment or a fine up to L250 for an official of the foreign office to communicate to others official documents, or for an envoy to act contrary to his instructions. These clauses are commonly spoken of in Germany as the "Arnim paragraphs." (J. W. He.) ARNIM, LUDWIG ACHIM (JOACHIM) VON (1781-1831), German poet and novelist, was born at Berlin on the 26th of January 1781. He studied natural science at Halle and Gottingen, and published one or two essays on scientific subjects; but his bent was from the first towards literature. From the earlier writings of Goethe and Herder he learned to appreciate the beauties of German traditional legends and folk-songs; and, forming a collection of these, published the result (1806-1808), in collaboration with Klemens Brentano (q.v.) under the title _Des Knaben Wunderhorn._ From 1810 onward he lived with his wife Bettina, Brentano's sister, alternately at Berlin and on his estate at Wiepersdorf, near Dahme in Brandenburg, where he died on the 21st of January 1831. Arnim was a prolific and versatile writer, gifted with a sense of humour and a refined imagination--qualities shown in the best-known of his works, _Des Knaben Wunderhorn_, deficient as this is in the philological accuracy and faithfulness to original sources which would now be expected of such a compilation. In general, however, his writings, full as they are of the exaggerated sentiment and affectations of the romantic school, make but little appeal to modern taste. There are possible exceptions, such as the short stories _Furst Ganzgott und Sanger Halbgott_ and _Der tolle Invalide auf dem Fort Ratonneau_ and the unfinished romance _Die Kronenwachter_ (1817), which promised to develop into one of the finest historical romances of the 19th century. Among Arnim's other works may be mentioned _Hollins Liebesleben_ (1802), _Der Wintergarten_ (1809), a collection of tales; _Armut, Reichtum Schuld, und Busse der Grafin Dolores_ (1810), a novel; _Halle und Jerusalem_ (1811), a dramatic romance; and one or two smaller novels, such as