The long-standing dispute with Chile with regard to its occupation of the former Bolivian provinces of Tacna and Arica under the Parto de Tregna of the 4th of April 1884 was more difficult to arrange satisfactorily. In 1895 there had been some prospect of Chile conceding an outlet on the sea in exchange for a recognition of the Chilean ownership of Tacna and Arica. The discovery, however, of secret negotiations between Bolivia and Argentina caused Chile to change its conciliatory attitude. Bolivia was in no position to venture upon hostilities or to compel the Chileans to make concessions, and the final settlement of the boundary dispute between Argentina and Chile deprived the Bolivians of the hope of obtaining the support of the Argentines. President Pando and his successor, Ismail Montes, who became president in 1904, saw that it was necessary to yield, and to make the best terms they could. A treaty was accordingly ratified in 1905, which was in many ways advantageous to Bolivia, though the republic was compelled to cede to Chile the maritime provinces occupied by the latter power since the war of 1881, and to do without a seaport. The government of Chile undertook to construct a railway at its own cost from Arica to the Bolivian capital, La Paz, and to give the Bolivians free transit through Chilean territory to certain towns on the coast. Chile further agreed to pay Bolivia a cash indemnity and lend certain pecuniary assistance to the construction of other railways necessary for the opening out of the country. See C. Wiener, _Bolivie et Perou_ (Paris, 1880); E. Mossbach, _Bolivia_ (Leipzig, 1875); Theodore Child, _The South American Republics_ (New York, 1801); Vicente de Ballivian y Rizas, _Archive Boliviano. Collecion de documentes relativos a la historia de Bolivia_ (Paris, 1872); Ramon Sotomayor Valdes, _Estudio historico de Bolivia bajo la administracion del General don Jose Maria Acha con una introducion que contiene el compendio de la Guerra de la independencia i de los gobiernos de dicha Republica hasta 1861_ (Santiago de Chile, 1874). (W. Hd.; G. E.) BOLKHOV, a town of Russia, in the government of Orel, and 35 m. N. of the city of Orel. Pop. (1897) 20,703. It is prettily situated amongst orchards and possesses a cathedral. There is a lively trade in hemp, hemp-seed oil, hemp goods and cattle, and there are hemp-mills, soap-works and tanneries. The much-venerated monastery, Optina Pustyn, is close by. BOLL, a botanical term for a fruit-pod, particularly of the cotton plant. The word is in O. Eng. _bolla_, which is also represented in "bowl," a round vessel for liquids, a variant due to "bowl," ball, which is from the Fr. _boule_. "Boll" is also used, chiefly in Scotland and the north of England, as a measure of weight for flour = 140 lb., and of capacity for grain: 16 pecks = 1 boll.