[1] See Dr E. Schafhautl's article on Musical Instruments, section 4 of _Bericht der Beurtheilungscommission bei der Allg. deutschen Industrie-Ausstellung_, 1854 (Munich, 1855), pp. 169-170; also Friedr. Zamminer, _Die Musik und die Musikinstrumente in ihrer Beziehung zu den Gesetzen der Akustik_ (Giessen, 1855), p. 313. [2] V.C. Mahillon, _Elements d'acoustique musicale et instrumentale_ (Bruxelles, 1874), p. 153. [3] The bombardon is used in the military bands of Austria, but in those of Germany it has been superseded by a bass tuba differing slightly in form and construction from the bombardons and bass tubas used in England, France, Belgium and Austria. BOMBAY CITY, the capital of Bombay Presidency, and the chief seaport of western India, situated in 18 deg. 55' N. and 72 deg. 54' E. The city stands on an island of the same name, which forms one of a group now connected by causeways with the mainland. The area is 22 sq. m.; and the population of the town and island (1901) 776,006 (estimate in 1906, 977,822). Bombay is the second most populous city in the Indian empire, having fallen behind Calcutta at the census of 1901. Its position on the side of India nearest to Europe, its advantages as a port and a railway centre, and its monopoly of the cotton industry, are counteracted by the fact that the region which it serves cannot vie with the valley of the Ganges in point of fertility and has no great waterway like the Ganges or Brahmaputra. Nevertheless Bombay pushes Calcutta hard for supremacy in point of population and commercial prosperity.