750-950) there was a balance of power between the Gurjaras and
Rashtrakutas, neither kingdom being strong enough to encroach on the
other to any extent. The Rashtrakutas were, moreover, debarred from
large schemes of conquest by dissensions with the branch dynasty which
they had set up in Gujarat and by the constant threat of attack by the
Chalukyas from Mysore. Nevertheless their power and magnificence (they
were notable builders and patrons of literature) greatly impressed the
Arabs, by whom the king was known as Balhara (_i.e. Vallhaba_,
"well-beloved"), a title borrowed from the preceding dynasty. Under them
the Konkan and the coast farther south were governed by chiefs of the
Silahara family, whose rule is mainly notable for the revival of trade
with the Persian Gulf and, doubtless as a result of this, the arrival in
775 on the west coast of a number of Parsee refugees, who found, in a
country where three religions were already equally honoured, the
toleration denied to them in Mussulman Persia. But in the 10th century
the Rashtrakuta power began to break up; in 961 Mularaja Solanki
(Chalukya) conquered the kingdom of Anhilvada (Anhilvara) in Gujarat,
where his dynasty reigned till 1242; and twelve years later the
Chalukyas once more overthrew the Rashtrakutas in the Deccan,
establishing their capital at Kalyani, while a branch line was set up in
southern Gujarat. Farther south the Silaharas, however, continued to
rule the coast, and succeeded in maintaining their independence until
after the final fall of the Chalukyas in 1192. The cause of the downfall
of the dynasty, splendid and enlightened as any of its predecessors, was
the system of governing by means of great feudatories, which also proved
fatal to the Solanki rajas of Anhilvada. From 1143 onward the power of
the latter had been overshadowed by that of the Vaghela chiefs of
Dholka, and during the same period the Deccan had been rapidly lapsing
into absolute anarchy, amid which rival chiefs struggled for the supreme
power. In the end the Yadavas of Devagiri (Daulatabad) prevailed, and in
1192 established a short-lived empire to which the Dholka princes were
ultimately forced to become tributary.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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