For some years he lived in Italy, chiefly at Rome, showing marked hostility to the emperor. In December 1807 the latter sought to come to an arrangement by which Lucien would take his place as a French prince, provided that he would annul his marriage. This step Lucien refused to take; and after residing for some time at his estate of Canino, from which he took the papal title of prince of Canino, he left for America. Captured by a British ship, he was taken to Malta and thence to England, where he resided under some measure of surveillance up to the peace of 1814. Returning to Rome, he offered Napoleon his help during the Hundred Days (1815), stood by his side at the "Champ de Mai" at Paris, and was the last to defend his prerogatives at the time of his second abdication. He spent the rest of his life in Italy, and died at Rome on the 29th of June 1840. His family comprised four sons and six daughters. He wrote an epic, _Charlemagne, ou l'Eglise delivree_ (2 vols., 1814), also _La Verite sur les Cent Jours_ and _Memoirs_, which were not completed. For sources see T. Jung, _Lucien Bonaparte et ses memoires_ (3 vols., Paris, 1882-1883); an anonymous work, _Le Prince Lucien Bonaparte et sa famille_ (Paris, 1888); F. Masson, _Napoleon et sa famille_ (4 vols., Paris, 1897-1900), and H. Houssaye, _"1815"_ (3 vols., Paris, 1899-1905). 3. Elisa. III. MARIANNE ELISA (1777-1820) was born at Ajaccio on the 3rd of January 1777. Owing to the efforts of her brothers she entered the establishment of St Cyr near Paris as a "king's scholar." On its disruption by the revolutionists in 1792 Napoleon took charge of her and brought her back to Ajaccio. She shared the fortunes of the family in the south of France, and on the 5th of May 1797 married Felix Bacciochi, a well-connected Corsican. In 1805, after the foundation of the French empire, Napoleon bestowed upon her the principality of Piombino and shortly afterwards Lucca; in 1808 her importunities gained for her the grand duchy of Tuscany. Bacciochi being almost a nullity, her pride and ability had a great influence on the administration and on Italian affairs in general. Her relations with Napoleon were frequently strained; and in 1813-1814 she abetted Murat in his enterprises (see MURAT). After her brother's fall she retired, with the title of countess of Compignano, first to Bologna and afterwards to Santo Andrea near Trieste, where she died on the 6th of August 1820. See J. Turquan, _Les Soeurs de Napoleon_ (Paris, 1896); P. Marmothan, _Elisa Bonaparte_ (Paris, 1898); E. Rodocanachi, _Elisa Bonaparte en Italie_ (Paris, 1900); F. Masson, _Napoleon et sa famille_ (4 vols., Paris, 1897-1900). 4. Louis Bonaparte.