Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Echinoderma" to "Edward, prince of Wales": Volume 8, Slice 10Various
Science
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Echinoderma" to "Edward, prince of Wales": Volume 8, Slice 10
Various
Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Llanganati or Cerro Hermoso is chiefly known through the tradition
that the treasures of the Incas were buried in a lake on its slopes.
It consists of a group of summits, the highest being credited with
17,843 ft. Tunguragua, or Tungurahua, has a cone-shaped summit like
that of Cotopaxi, with a slope of 38°. It rises from a plain somewhat
lower than the neighbouring central plateau and stands free from the
surrounding elevations, except on the south, which give it an
exceptionally imposing appearance. Among its characteristic features
is a cataract fed by melting snows, which descends 1500 ft. in three
leaps, and an enormous basaltic lava-stream, which crosses the face of
the mountain in a north-easterly direction. Its most notable eruption
was in 1777. It has been sometimes classed among the extinct
volcanoes, but smoke has been seen issuing from it at different dates,
and a violent eruption occurred on January 12, 1886. The fertile
cultivated valley of Baños, with its thermal springs, lies at the base
of Tunguragua, which F. Hassaurek describes as "the most beautiful of
all the snow peaks in the country." The next in line is El Altar,
which the natives call Capac-Urcu ("king mountain"), whose broken cone
and impressive outlines make it one of the most attractive mountains
of Ecuador. Its summit comprises a group of eight snow-clad peaks, and
its crater is surrounded by a steep and jagged wall of rocks. There is
a tradition that this mountain was once higher than Chimborazo, but a
series of eruptions caused the cone to fall in and reduced its summit
to its present altitude and broken appearance. Altar has shown no
signs of activity since the discovery of America. Sangay, or Sangai,
the next and last large volcano to the south, is in a state of
frequent eruption, however, and is known as one of the most restless
volcanoes of the world. Since the Spanish conquest it has been in a
state of uninterrupted activity, but no damage has been done, because
there are no civilized settlements in its immediate vicinity. Though
of great interest to scientific investigators because of this
unceasing activity, and of its peculiar position in the Andean system,
and because of the difficult and dangerous country by which it is
surrounded, Sangay has been but rarely visited by European travellers.
Its eruptions are not on a grand scale, but small outbursts of lava
and explosions of steam occur at frequent intervals, and at longer
intervals more violent explosions in which the molten rock is thrown
2000 ft. above its summit, and ashes are carried away as far as the
streets of Guayaquil.
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