the Tertiary period, or whether a migration took place at the same early epoch in the opposite direction. More interesting still is the occurrence of remains of reputed armadillos (_Necrodasypus_) from the Oligocene of France and Germany. In the opinion of Dr F. Ameghino these Oligocene armadillos, which had bony shields on both the head and body, were near akin to some of the modern South American forms. Passing on to the aard-varks (_Orycteropodidae_), we find these represented by a species closely allied to the existing ones in the Lower Pliocene formations of Spain, France, Hungary, Samos and Asia Minor. A single tibia from the French Oligocene is identified by Dr Ameghino with the present family, and the genus _Archaeorycteropus_ established for its reception; this genus, in its founder's opinion, being also represented in the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia. As regards the pangolins, the only fossils referred to this group (apart from a few discovered in a cave in India) appear to be certain limb-bones from the Oligocene of France and Germany, for which the names _Necromanis_ and _Teutomanis_ have been proposed. The occurrence of the characteristic cleft terminal toe-bones among these remains seems to leave little doubt as to the correctness of the determination. The alleged occurrence of remains of giant pangolins in the upper Tertiary of Europe is due to misidentification (see ANCYLOPODA). By some authorities the Eocene group of Ganodonta has been affiliated to the Edentata, but this reference is not accepted by Prof. W.B. Scott. AUTHORITIES.--The above article is to some extent based on the articles by Sir W.H. Flower in the 9th edition of this work. See also O. Thomas, "A Milk-dentition in _Orycteropus_," _Proc. Royal Soc._ vol. xlvii. (1890); R. Lydekker, "The Extinct Edentates of Argentina," _Palaeont. Argentina_, vol. iii., An. Mus. (La Plata, 1894); C.W. Andrews, "On a Skull of _Orycteropus gaudryi_ from Samos," _Proc. Zool. Soc. London_ (1896); G.E. Smith, "The Brain in the Edentata," _Trans. Linn. Soc. London_, vol. vii. (1899); W.B. Scott, "Mammalia of the Santa Cruz Beds--_Dasypoda_," _Rep. Princeton Exped. to Patagonia_, vol. v. (1903); H.F. Osborn, "An Armadillo from the Middle Eocene of North America," _Bull. Amer. Mus._ vol. xx. art. 12 (1904); J.A. Allen, "The Tamandua Anteaters," _T.C._, art. 33 (1904); F. Ameghino, "Les Édentes fossiles de France et d'Allemagne," _Ann. Mus. Buenos Aires_, vol. xiii. (1905); E. Lönnberg, "On a new _Orycteropus_," and "Remarks on the dentition of the Tubulidentata," _Archiv für Zoologie_, vol. iii. No. 3 (1906). (R. L.*)