Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Echinoderma" to "Edward, prince of Wales": Volume 8, Slice 10Various
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Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Echinoderma" to "Edward, prince of Wales": Volume 8, Slice 10
Various
Encyclopedias and dictionaries
The eclipse of August 30, 1905, offered a duration of 3½ minutes in
Spain, the track running from Labrador through Spain to North Africa,
and affording excellent opportunities for observers, who flocked to the
central line in great numbers. Unfortunately it was cloudy in Labrador,
so that the special advantages of the long line of possible stations
were lost. Exceptionally good weather conditions were enjoyed in Algeria
and Tunisia, and full advantage was taken of them by H.F. Newall, C.
Trépied and others at Guelma, by the party from Greenwich and G.
Bigourdan at Sfax. That G. Newall's spectroscopic photographs for
rotation of the corona again gave no result is a clear indication of the
faintness of the corona at 3' from the limb; but F.W. Dyson at Sfax
obtained two new lines at 5536 and 5117 in the spectrum of the corona;
and a very large number of photographs of the corona (including many in
polarized light on several different plans), of its spectrum, and of the
spectrum of the chromosphere, were obtained by the various parties,
which will afford copious material for discussion. Newall also obtained
a polarized spectrum of the corona. Altogether no less than eighty
stations were occupied. There were English, American, Russian and German
observers in Egypt; English and French in Algeria and Tunisia; English
in Majorca; observers of almost all nationalities in Spain; and English
and American in Labrador. In Egypt the weather was bright, though the
sun was low; in Majorca and Spain there were local clouds. Consequently
many observations, in addition to those in Labrador, were lost, notably
the special spectroscopic observations undertaken by Evershed on the
northern limit of totality, and the observations of radiation undertaken
by H.L. Callendar. A search for intra-Mercurial planets was conducted on
an elaborate plan, with similar batteries of telescopes, in Egypt, Spain
and Labrador, by three parties from the Lick Observatory, but the
examination of the plates showed nothing noteworthy. Pending discussion
of the greater part of the material, some interesting preliminary
results were published in 1906 by the French observers. C.E.H. Bourget
and Montangerand conclude that there is a marked division of the
chromosphere into two regions or shells, a lower or "reversing-layer,"
extending only 1" from the limb, and a chromospheric layer extending to
3" or 4"; and that the coronal light contains less blue and violet, but
more green and yellow, than sunlight; while Fabry, by visual methods,
obtained measures of the total and intrinsic intensity of the light from
the corona closely confirming recent photographic observations, finding
the total brightness about equal to that of the full moon, and the
intrinsic brightness at 5' from the limb about one quarter of that of
the full moon. (H. H. T.)
II. _Eclipses of the Moon._
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